Figure 1

Native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL) induced superoxide production in human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSMCs). The nLDL stimulation (100 μg ml−1) increased the slope of dihydroethidine (DHE; 10 μM) fluorescence intensity that was abolished by preincubation with polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD, 500 U ml−1) (a, * vs untreated, P<0.01, n=4; # vs nLDL, P<0.01, n=4). The nLDL treatment increased lucigenin-induced chemiluminescence in a time-dependent manner (b, * vs untreated, P<0.01, n=5). Oxidized LDL (50 μg ml−1) was used as a control.