Figure 1 | Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Figure 1

From: Vaccination with Klebsiella pneumoniae-derived extracellular vesicles protects against bacteria-induced lethality via both humoral and cellular immunity

Figure 1

In vitro immunogenicity of K. pneumoniae EVs. (a) Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage uptake of EVs. Row 1 is the non-treated group. Row 2 and 3 are treated with EVs for 1 and 6 h, respectively. Column 1 shows DiI-stained EVs, column 2 shows the Hoechst-stained cell nucleus, column 3 shows the merged DiI and Hoechst images, and column 4 are the DIC-merged images. (b) Secreted IL-6 and TNF-α from Raw 264.7 cells stimulated by different doses of EVs measured with ELISA. (n=2; *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001) (c) The expression of MHC class II and CD86 molecules on the surface of CD11C+ bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.

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