Figure 5
The tumorigenic effects of TFAP2C (transcription factor-activating enhancer-binding protein 2C) and TGFBR1 (transforming growth factor-β receptor type 1) in vivo. (a) The effects of TFAP2C or TGFBR1 knockdown on in vivo tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model. Error bars represent±s.e.m. (n=5 per group); *P<0.05 compared with tumor tissues from mice transplanted with cells suppressing TFAP2C and overexpressing TGFBR1; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. (b) The protein levels of TFAP2C and TGFBR1 in tumor tissue lysates from xenograft mice were measured by western blotting. (c) The mRNA levels of TFAP2C and TGFBR1 in tumor tissues of lung cancer patients were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) (top). Error bars represent±s.e.m. (n=3); *P<0.05 compared with normal lung tissues; Student’s t-test. Pearson’s correlation scatter plot of the fold change in the levels of TFAP2C and TGFBR1 mRNA in normal and tumor tissues of lung cancer patients is shown (bottom). (d) The protein levels of TFAP2C and TGFBR1 and the phosphorylation levels of PAK1 (p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1) in tumor tissues of lung cancer patients were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis.
