Figure 6
From: CTHRC1 promotes angiogenesis by recruiting Tie2-expressing monocytes to pancreatic tumors
Schematic diagram of CTHRC1 function in the tumor microenvironment. (A) CTHRC1 is upregulated by promoter demethylation and TGF-β-mediated Smad signaling. (B) CTHRC1 acts in an autocrine manner to promote tumor cell migration and adhesion via the non-canonical Wnt-mediated Rac1 pathway. (C) CTHRC1 acting in a paracrine manner activates ECs through the non-canonical Wnt pathway in human ECs. Activation of the noncanonical Wnt pathway regulates Ang-2 via the ERK-AP1 signaling cascade. (D) TEMs migrate to Ang-2–expressing tumor regions. CTHRC1, collagen triple-helix repeat-containing 1; TEMs, Tie2-expressing monocytes; TGF, transforming growth factor.
