Figure 1 | Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Figure 1

From: The interplay between host immune cells and gut microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases

Figure 1

Functions of the microbiota in host metabolism. Some bacterial enzymes are capable of converting food- and host-derived carbohydrates to simple carbohydrates in the colon. Gut symbiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli are able to synthesize vitamin K and water-soluble vitamin B. SCFAs also are produced from diet fibers by Bacteroides, and used as nutrients, energy source and signaling molecules. SCFA, short-chain fatty acid.

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