Table 2 Effect of maternal cytokine, maternal and child’s genotype on child’s PHA-induced cytokine production over time

From: Maternal and child cytokine relationship in early life is not altered by cytokine gene polymorphisms

Child cytokine

Variable

Estimate (95% CI) a

P-value

IL10

Maternal cytokine

0.31 (0.18, 0.43)

<0.0001 b

rs4579758

Maternal genotype

−0.05 (−0.16, 0.05)

0.321

 

Child’s genotype

−0.009 (−0.11, 0.10)

0.866

 

Time maternal cytokinec

−0.008 (−0.01, −0.003)

0.004

 

Time maternal genotypec

0.005 (0.0002, 0.01)

0.039

 

Time child’s genotypec

0.001 (−0.003, 0.006)

0.616

TNF-α

Maternal cytokine

0.20 (0.03, 0.37)

0.024

rs13215091

Maternal genotype

−0.005 (−0.21, 0.20)

0.961

 

Child’s genotype

0.17 (−0.02, 0.37)

0.080

 

Time maternal cytokinec

−0.006 (−0.01, 0.001)

0.108

 

Time maternal genotypec

0.004 (−0.005, 0.01)

0.354

 

Time child’s genotypec

−0.01 (−0.02, −0.004)

0.005

IFN-γ

Maternal cytokine

0.26 (0.04, 0.48)

0.023

rs3181032

Maternal genotype

−0.30 (−0.58, −0.01)

0.039

 

Child’s genotype

0.26 (−0.10, 0.61)

0.152

 

Time maternal cytokinec

−0.009 (−0.02, 0.001)

0.077

 

Time maternal genotypec

0.01 (0.002, 0.03)

0.024

 

Time child’s genotypec

−0.0008 (−0.02, 0.01)

0.919

IL-5

Maternal cytokine

1.46 (−2.59, 5.51)

0.476

Rs4143832

Maternal genotype

4.32 (−1.27, 9.91)

0.129

 

Child’s genotype

−4.93 (−9.60, −0.27)

0.038

 

Time maternal cytokinec

0.17 (−0.02, 0.36)

0.075

 

Time maternal genotypec

−0.24 (−0.49, 0.02)

0.066

 

Time child’s genotypec

0.14 (−0.08, 0.35)

0.210

IL-5

Maternal cytokine

1.02 (−3.07, 5.10)

0.622

Rs739719

Maternal genotype

−2.10 (−5.76, 1.56)

0.259

 

Child’s genotype

4.17 (0.12, 8.23)

0.044

 

Time maternal cytokinec

0.14 (−0.05, 0.34)

0.143

 

Time maternal genotypec

−0.02 (−0.19, 0.15)

0.799

 

Time child’s genotypec

−0.02 (−0.21, 0.17)

0.849

  1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.
  2. Time units are 2, 5, 12, 24 and 48 months. Bold P-values <0.05.
  3. The estimates shows associations between maternal cytokines or genotypes and child’s genotypes at with child’s cytokine production at 2 months of age.
  4. aAdjusted for child gender.
  5. bSignificant after Bonferroni’s correction (P<0.0028).
  6. cInteraction between time and maternal cytokine/genotype or child’s genotype, showing the change of association between maternal cytokine/genotype or child’s genotype with child’s cytokine production over time.
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