Practical use of Three-Dimensional Imaging in Genetic Counseling: Patient Perception of Usefulness as a counseling tool

Abstract

Aim: To assess the perceived benefit of 3-Dimensional ultrasound as an additional imaging tool for patients evaluated for abnormal ultrasound findings.

Method: Aloka ultrasound system with volume mode surface rendering was offered to patients receiving evaluation at a referral maternal-fetal medicine center. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional images were obtained on all patients. Approximately 4 seconds were required for the three dimensional images to be available for patient and physician review. A follow up survey (by questionnaire) was utilized to determine patients' understanding of their specific indication.

Results: Questionnaires were sent to 240 patients with abnormal ultrasound indications including echogenic bowel, renal dysgenesis, echogenic foci, cardiac structural defects, ventral wall defects, cystic hygroma. hydrops, chromosome abnormalities, neural tube defects, choroid plexus cysts, clubfeet and uterine abnormalities. Most patients (90%) strongly agreed that the information received from the 3D exam was beneficial to the visit. Parents also felt that the 3D ultrasound enhanced understanding with a recognizeable image of their baby. This finding was apparent even in pregnancies with severe or lethal outcomes.

Conclusion: Ultrasound exams carry both emotional and psychological implications. The new modality of 3-dimensional scanning seems helpful in demonstrating the extent of a specific defect in a way patients understand and appreciate. Our study suggests that 3-dimensional imaging may assist in the standard evaluation of patients requiring genetic consultation for abnormal ultrasound findings.