Table 2 Clinically significant variants identified in retrospective and prospective cohorts

From: A craniosynostosis massively parallel sequencing panel study in 309 Australian and New Zealand patients: findings and recommendations

Genea

Phenotype

Cohort

Genomic change (GRCh37/hg19)

cDNA change

Predicted protein change

Zygosity

In-lab classification

TCF12

Syndromic craniosynostosis

Retrospective

chr15:g.57555454C>A

c.1727C>A

p.(Ser576*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Not stated

Retrospective

chr15:g.57535749G>T

c.1114+1G>T

p.?

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Bicoronal

Retrospective

chr15:g.57574709C>A

c.2045C>A

p.(Ser682*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Bicoronal

Retrospective

chr15:g.57545652C>T

c.1453C>T

p.(Arg485*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Bicoronal

Retrospective

chr15:g.57565349G>T

c.1867G>T

p.(Glu623*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Suspected Crouzon syndrome

Retrospective

chr15:g.57554395_57554399del

c.1571_1575del

p.(Glu524Valfs*2)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Unicoronal

Retrospective

chr15:g.57555366_57555369

c.1642_1645del

p.(Glu548Argfs*14)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Right coronal

Retrospective

chr15:g.57555342dup

c.1615dup

p.(Thr539Asnfs*7)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Right coronal

Retrospective

chr15:g.57554363del

c.1540del

p.(Ser514Glnfs*5)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Right coronal

Retrospective

chr15:g.57523442_57523443del

c.673_674del

p.(Phe225Leufs*11)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Unicoronal, autism

Retrospective

chr15:g.57554312_57554313del

c.1490_1491del

p.(Ser497Cysfs*12)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Unicoronal, query Saethre-Chotzen

Retrospective

chr15:g.57545652C>T

c.1453C>T

p.(Arg485*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Unicoronal, query Saethre-Chotzen

Retrospective

chr15:g.57565358C>T

c.1876C>T

p.(Arg626*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Right unicoronal

Retrospective

chr15:g.57526307_57526308del

c.1035+2_1035+3del

p.?

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Saethre-Chotzen

Retrospective

chr15:g.57524629G>A

c.825+1G>A

p.?

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Bicoronal

Retrospective

chr15:g.57554395_57554399del

c.1571_1575del

p.(Glu524Valfs*2)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Bicoronal, query Muenke (sibling 1)

Retrospective

chr15:g.57524923dup

c.839dup

p.(His280Glnfs*58)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Bicoronal, query Muenke (sibling 2)

Retrospective

chr15:g.57524923dup

c.839dup

p.(His280Glnfs*58)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Bicoronal

Prospective

chr15:g.57545527dupT

c.1328dupT

p.(Pro445Thrfs*11)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Unicoronal

Prospective

chr15:g.57554315dupT

c.1491dupT

p.(Val498Cysfs*12)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Unicoronal, base of skull scoliosis

Prospective

chr15:g.57554407G>A

c.1582+1G>A

p.(?)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

TCF12

Unicoronal

Prospective

chr15:g.57565358C>T

c.1876C>T

p.(Arg626*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

EFNB1

Coronal

Retrospective

chrX:g.68059834del

c.531del

p.(Thr178Profs*35)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

EFNB1

Saethre-Chotzen, hypertelorism

Retrospective

chrX:g.68058691C>A

c.360C>A

p.(Asn120Lys)

Heterozygous

Likely pathogenic

EFNB1

Hypertelorism, shallow orbits

Retrospective

chrX:g.68058492C>T

c.161C>T

p.(Pro54Leu)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

EFNB1

Right unicoronal

Retrospective

chrX:g.68058492C>T

c.161C>T

p.(Pro54Leu)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

EFNB1

Craniosynostosis on fetal ultrasound

Retrospective

chrX:g.68058510T>C

c.179T>C

p.(Leu60Pro)b

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

EFNB1

Unicoronal

Retrospective

chrX:g.68049699C>G

c.80C>G

p.(Pro27Arg)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

EFNB1

Bicoronal, hypertelorism

Prospective

chrX:g.68059572A>G

c.472A>G

p.(Met158Val)c

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

EFNB1

Multisutural craniosynostosis

Prospective

chrX:g.68059917_68059918delCT

c.614_615delCT

p.(Ser205*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

ERF

Sagittal, developmental delay

Retrospective

chr19:g.42754641_42754650del

c.90_99del

p.(Trp30Cysfs*44)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

ERF

Bicoronal

Prospective

chr19:g.42754546C>T

c.194G>A

p.(Arg65Gln)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

ERF

Crouzon syndrome

Prospective

chr19:g.42753978C>G

c.373+1G>C

p.(?)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

ALX4

Parieto-occipital skull defect

Retrospective

chr11:g.44331519del

c.94del

p.(Ser32Argfs*149)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

ALX4

Bilateral parietal foramina, hypertelorism

Retrospective

chr11:g.44296963A>C

c.712T>G

p.(Tyr238Asp)b

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

FGF10

LADD syndrome

Retrospective

chr5:g.44310592del

c.366del

p.(Val123Serfs*10)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

FGF10

LADD syndrome

Retrospective

chr5:g.44305291C>A

c.433G>T

p.(Glu145*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

EFNA4

Unicoronal

Retrospective

chr1:g.155039303G>A

c.211G>A

p.(Glu71Lys)b

Heterozygous

Likely pathogenic

POR

Antley–Bixler syndrome

Retrospective

chr7:g.75614973T>A

c.1475T>A

p.(Val492Glu)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

POR

Antley–Bixler syndrome

Retrospective

chr7:g.75615298dup

c.1727dup

p.(Tyr576*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

POR

Metopic

Prospective

chr7:g.75610860C>T

c.667C>T

p.(Arg223*)

Heterozygous

Likely pathogenic

POR

Metopic, family history of craniosynostosis

Prospective

chr7:g.75610860C>T

c.667C>T

p.(Arg223*)

Heterozygous

Likely pathogenic

IL11RA

Metopic, unicoronal

Retrospective

chr9:g.34659774G>T

c.829G>T

p.(Glu277*)

Heterozygous

Pathogenic

  1. cDNA, complementary DNA; LADD, lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital.
  2. aNo clinically significant variants were identified in ACTB, ACTG1, ALX1, ALX3, FREM1, MID1, MSX2, RECQL4, or RUNX2.
  3. bVariants not previously described in the literature or databases.
  4. cConfirmed de novo.