Table 2 Characteristics of patient groups with and without CNVs

	CNV^a	Non-CNV^a	Test statistic	Significance
Participant characteristics
Age (years) χ (s)	8.35 (4.84)	9.67 (4.90)	−1.1^b	0.26
Sex
Male	8 (34.8%)	51 (68.9%)	8.6^b	0.006
Female	15 (65.2%)	23 (31.1%)
Hemiplegia n (%)
Left	13 (56.5%)	37 (51.4%)
Right	10 (43.5%)	35 (48.6%), M=2	1.1^b	0.58
Neuroimaging n (%)
MCA	7 (30.4%)	24 (32.4%)
PVI	10 (43.5%)	30 (40.5%)	2.9^b	0.24
Other^c	1 (4.34%)	4 (5.4%)
Not available	5 (21.7%)	16 (21.6%)
Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test score χ(s)	63.24 (27.1)	63.79 (30.5)	−0.1^d	0.94
Full Scale IQ percentile score^e χ(s)	35.47 (26.9)	46.08 (31.1)	−1.2^d	0.28
Potential risk factors for CP
Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) n (%)	9 (39.1%)	18 (25.7%), M=4	1.5^b	0.29
Family history of genetic risk factors^f n (%)	4 (17.4%)	15 (20.8%), M=2	0.8^b	0.68
Use of in vitro fertilization n (%)	1 (4.3%)	3 (40.5%)	1.1^b	0.59
Gestation n (%)
Prematurity (<37 weeks)	1 (4.3%)	20 (27.0%)
Term (≥37 weeks)	21 (91.3%)	47 (63.5%)	5.9^b	0.02
Unavailable	1 (4.3%)	7 (9.5%)
Small or large birth weight for gestational age^g n (%)	6 (27.3%), M=1	10 (15.4%), M=9	1.6^b	0.22
Congenital malformations n (%)	6 (26.1%)	14 (18.9%)	0.6^b	0.56
Birth process complications^h n (%)	14 (60.9%)	46 (63%), M=1	0.03^b	0.52

The sample had the following functional classification levels: Gross Motor Functional Classification level I (85.5%), II (10.5%), and III (3.9%); Manual Abilities Classification System level I (50%), II (39.7%), III (8.6%), and IV (1.7%); and Communication Function Classification System level I (75.5%), II (13.8%), III (5.2%), and IV (2.1%).
CNV, copy-number variation; M, missing data number per cell; MCA, middle cerebral artery; PVI, periventricular infarct; s, standard deviation; χ, mean.
^aNumbers of individuals in the CNV and non-CNV groups are 23 and 74, respectively.
^bChi-square.
^cOther: for example, non-middle cerebral artery stroke, brain malformation.
^dt-test.
^eIQ testing was assessed only in children >4 years old.
^f”Family history of genetic risk factors” was defined as participants having a1st- or 2nd-degree relative with CP, early stroke or heart attack (<60 years old), or consanguinity. Consanguinity is defined as a hereditary relationship between biological parents or grandparents of the index child that is the result of having a common parent or other ancestor.
^gSmall birth weight for gestational age ≤10th percentile; high birth weight for gestational age ≥97th percentile.
^h”Birth process complications” was defined as having undergone an emergency cesarean section, had an Apgar score <6 at five minutes, undergone resuscitation at birth, had umbilical cord blood pH <7.35, or seizures in the first 24 to 72 h of life, and/or neonatal encephalopathy.

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