Table 4 Health-care utilization and costs during 6 months after review of family-history reports and whole-genome sequencing reports, if applicable

From: Short-term costs of integrating whole-genome sequencing into primary care and cardiology settings: a pilot randomized trial

 

Mean counts (SD)

Mean cost, US$

Difference in mean costs, US$ (95% CI)

p

Cardiology cohort

Control(n = 51)

WGS (n = 49)

Control (n = 51)

WGS (n = 49)

  

Visits

7.2 (7.5)

7.8 (6.5)

1,347

1,344

−3 (−517 to 488)

0.504

Labs, outpatient care

6.9 (6.8)

9.5 (15.5)

109

137

28 (−39 to 132)

0.388

Imaging tests, outpatient care

2.1 (1.9)

2.1 (2.2)

638

696

58 (−300 to 445)

0.385

Cardiology tests, outpatient care

3.2 (1.7)

3.1 (1.9)

188

192

4 (−42 to 52)

0.473

Other outpatient procedures

—a

—a

1,489

2,265

776 (−1401 to 3,091)

0.337

Hospitalizations

0.3 (0.8)

0.2 (0.4)

4,978

2,717

−2,261 (−7,283 to 2,459)

0.280

Medications

4.5 (2.6)

5.2 (3.1)

437

468

31 (−211 to 292)

0.389

Medical equipment

—a

—a

39

20

−19 (−65 to 17)

0.318

Visit copays

—a

—a

319

208

−111 (−409 to 126)

0.516

Patient procedural copays

—a

—a

75

46

−29 (−84 to 23)

0.627

Additional out-of-pocket

—a

—a

51

15

−36 (−94 to 7)

0.406

Total, cardiology

  

9,670

8,109

−1,560 (−7,558 to 3,866)

0.357

Excluding hospitalizations

  

4,692

5,392

700 (−1,634 to 3,440)

0.393

Primary care cohort

Control (n = 50)

WGS (n = 50)

Control (n = 50)

WGS (n = 50)

  

Visits

6.9 (7.4)

8.4 (8.7)

1,347

1,581

234 (−317 to 759)

0.403

Labs, outpatient care

4.4 (4.8)

5.5 (5.9)

66

96

30 (−9 to 76)

0.410

Imaging tests, outpatient care

0.9 (1.5)

1.0 (1.4)

149

227

78 (−40 to 205)

0.586

Cardiology tests, outpatient care

0.4 (0.6)

0.5 (0.9)

49

52

3 (−28 to 39)

0.579

Other outpatient procedures

—a

—a

540

625

85 (−460 to 634)

0.787

Hospitalizations

0.0 (0.2)

0.0 (0.1)

142

449

307 (−473 to 1211)

0.811

Medications

2.0 (2.1)

1.8 (1.9)

159

157

−2 (−108 to 99)

0.674

Medical equipment

—a

—a

7

4

−3 (−24 to 12)

0.645

Visit copays

—a

—a

357

317

−41 (−518 to 287)

0.424

Patient procedural copays

—a

—a

110

150

40 (−124 to 231)

0.370

Additional out-of-pocket

—a

—a

62

11

−52 (−183 to 17)

0.371

Total, primary care

  

2,989

3,670

681 (−884 to 2,171)

0.699

Excluding hospitalizations

  

2,847

3,221

374 (−991 to 1,570)

0.577

  1. Cardiology patients also received a review of findings from prior genetic testing for their cardiomyopathy diagnoses.
  2. CI, confidence interval; WGS, whole-genome sequencing.
  3. aCounts data were not collected for these items.
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