Table 1 Effect of the 5′ mRNA cap structure on translational properties

From: Phosphorothioate cap analogs increase stability and translational efficiency of RNA vaccines in immature dendritic cells and induce superior immune responses in vivo

5′ Cap structure

Cells

Transl. efficiency

Time of max. (hours)

Total protein expression

No cap

iDCs

0.00±0.00

NA

0.011±0.000

ApppG

iDCs

0.01±0.00

NA

0.022±0.001

GpppG

iDCs

0.18±0.01

11.5±0.0

0.221±0.001

m7GpppG/c.t.

iDCs

1.00±0.04

8.1±1.1

1.000±0.007

m7Gppppm7G

iDCs

0.20±0.10

4.9±0.1

0.404±0.004

ARCA

iDCs

2.52±0.19

12.6±0.1

4.777±0.042

β-S-ARCA(D1)

iDCs

3.36±0.09

15.4±0.1

13.094±0.307

β-S-ARCA(D2)

iDCs

3.53±0.17

12.8±0.0

6.570±0.075

m7GpppG/p.t.

iDCs

4.12±0.53

8.4±1.4

4.289±0.056

No cap

mDCs

0.00±0.00

NA

0.002±0.000

ApppG

mDCs

0.01±0.00

NA

0.008±0.000

GpppG

mDCs

0.31±0,02

27.5±0.5

0.593±0.005

m7GpppG/c.t.

mDCs

1.00±0.05

16.0±0.3

1.000±0.003

m7Gppppm7G

mDCs

0.56±0.04

6.0±0.3

0.176±0.001

ARCA

mDCs

2.16±0.00

17.5±0.3

2.526±0.015

β-S-ARCA(D1)

mDCs

3.05±0.14

20.1±0.1

3.884±0.032

β-S-ARCA(D2)

mDCs

3.30±0.03

19.4±0.1

4.042±0.053

m7GpppG/p.t.

mDCs

3.16±0.08

17.5±0.3

3.421±0.010

  1. Abbreviations: ARCA, anti-reverse cap analogs; DCs, dendritic cells; NA, not applicable.
  2. Curves presented in Figure 2a were analyzed by mathematical modeling to determine translational efficiency (slope of the curve), time-point of maximal protein amount as indicator of functional RNA stability, and the total amount of protein (integral of the curve) in human immature and mature DCs (iDCs and mDCs, respectively). For each cell type, the translational efficiency and the total signal was set to 1 for the mRNA co-transcriptionally capped with m7GpppG. Listed are average values±s.d.