Article PDF
References
Askew, R R, Bishop, J A, and Cook, L M. 1971. Atmospheric pollution and melanic moths in Manchester and its environs. J Appl Eccl. 8
Bowater, W. 1914. Heredity of melanism in Lepidoptera. J Genet, 3, 299–315.
Clarke, B. 1966. The evolution of morph-ratio clines. Am Nat, 100, 389–402.
Clarke, B. 1968. Balanced polymorphism and regional differentiation in land snails chapter in Evolution and Environment. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
Clarke, C A, and Sheppard, P M. 1966. A local survey of the distribution of industrial melanic forms in the moth Biston betularia and estimates of the selective values of these in an industrial environment. Proc Roy Soc, B 165, 424–439.
Ford, E B. 1964. Ecological Genetics. Methuen, London.
Haldane, J B S. 1948. The theory of a cline. J Genet, 48, 277–284.
Kettlewell, H B D. 1958. A survey of the frequencies of Biston betularia (L.) (Lep.) and its melanic forms in Great Britain. Heredity, 12, 51–72.
Kettlewell, H B D. 1961. The phenomenon of industrial melanism in Lepidoptera. Ann Rev Ent, 6, 245–262.
Sheppard, P M. 1961. Some contributions to population genetics resulting from the study of the Lepidoptera. Adv Genet, 10, 165–216.
South, R. 1948. The moths of the British Isles. Warne, London.
Warren Springs Laboratory. 1967. The investigation of air pollution. National survey annual summary table 1 for the year ended March 1967.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bishop, J., Harper, P. Melanism in the moth Gonodontis bidentata: A cline within the Merseyside conurbation. Heredity 25, 449–456 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1970.45
Received:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1970.45
