Summary
Growth rate of 12 groups of common carp was measured at five experimental environments. Three of the 12 tested groups were strains of the domesticated European race of the common carp, one group was a representative of the Big-Belly Chinese race, and the remaining eight groups were F1 crossbreds among the European strains and between the European and the Chinese races. The average growth rate over the five environments of the Chinese Big-Belly was considerably poorer than that of the European carp. All the inter-race crossbreds and the crossbreds among the European strains showed heterosis. When the genotype-environment interaction was presented as a linear function of the quality of the environment, the regression coefficient (the overall responsiveness parameter) assumed relatively low values in the Big-Belly and two to two-and-a-half fold higher values in the European carp. The overall responsiveness of crossbreds was, on the average, intermediate between the two parents. When, however, it was partitioned into a scale function of the average genotype and specific independent responsiveness, the two components showed a high degree of heterosis but in opposite directions. An explanation of this genetic system in terms of adaptive evolution to the diverse modes of carp domestication in Europe and China was given.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Alikunhi, K H. 1966. Synopsis of biological data on common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. 1758, Asia and the Far East. FAQ Fisheries Synopsis 31.1.
Bardach, J E, Ryther, J H, and McLarney, W O. 1972. Aquaculture The Farming and Husbandry of Freshwater and Marine Organisms, 868 pp. J. Wiley, N.Y.
Bentram, G. 1946. Carp farming in Palestine. Emp J Exp Agr, 14, 187–194.
Bucio-Alanis, L. 1966. Environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability. I. Inbred lines. Heredity, 21, 387–397.
Bucio-Alanis, L, Perkins, Jean M, and Jinks, J L. 1969. Environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability. V. Segregating generations. Heredity, 24, 115–127.
Dickerson, G E. 1962. Implications of genetic-environmental interactions in animal breeding. Anim Prod, 4, 47–64.
Finlay, K W, and Wilkinson, G N. 1963. The analysis of adaptation in a plant breeding programme. Aust J Agric Res, 14, 742–754.
Freeman, G H. 1973. Statistical methods for the analysis of genotype-environment interactions. Heredity, 31, 339–354.
Freeman, G H, and Perkins, Jean M. 1971. Environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability. VIII. Relations between genotypes grown in different environments and measures of the environments. Heredity, 27, 15–23.
Fripp, Yvonne J. 1972. Genotype-environmental interactions in Schizophyllum commune. II. Assessing the environment. Heredity, 28, 223–238.
Fripp, Yvonne J, and Caten, C E. 1971. Genotype-environmental interactions in Schizophyllum commune. I. Analysis and character. Heredity, 27, 393–407.
Hardwick, R C, and Wood, J T. 1972. Regression methods for studying genotype-environment interactions. Heredity, 28, 209–222.
Hickling, C. 1962. Fish Culture, 287 pp. Faber and Faber, London.
Hill, J, and Samuel, C J A. 1971. Measurement and inheritance of environmental response amongst selected material of Lolium perenne. Heredity, 27, 265–276.
Hoffman, W E. 1934. Preliminary notes on the fresh-water fish industry of South China, especially Kwangtung province. Lingnan University Science Bulletin No 5, 70 pp. Lingnan Univ., Canton, China.
Kirpichnikov, V. 1971. Genetics of the common carp and other edible fish. Seminar/Study Tour in the USSR on genetic selection and hybridization of cultivated fishes. Rep FAOIUNDP(TA) (2926), 186–201.
Knight, R. 1973. The relation between hybrid vigour and genotype-environment interactions. Theor Appl Genet, 43, 311–318.
Moav, R, and Wohlfarth, G. 1970. Genetic correlation between seine escapability and growth capacity in carp. J Hered, 61, 153–157.
Moav, R, and Wohlfarth, G. 1973. Fish breeding in Israel. In: Agricultural Genetics—Selected Topics (ed. R. Moav), 352 pp. J. Wiley, N.Y.
Moav, R, and Wohlfarth, G. 1974. Magnification through competition of genetic differences in yield capacity in carp. Heredity, 33, 181–202.
Moav, R, Wohlfarth, G, and Lahman, M. 1960a. Genetic improvement of carp. II. Marking fish by branding. Bamidgeh, 12, 49–53.
Moav, R, Wohlfarth, G, and Lahman, M. 1960b. An electric instrument for brandmarking fish. Bamidgeh, 12, 92–95.
Moav, R, Wohlfarth, G, and Lahman, M. 1964. Genetic improvement of carp. VI. Growth rate of carp imported from Holland relative to Israeli carp and some crossbred progeny. Bamidgeh, 16, 142–149.
Paroda, R S, and Hayes, J D. 1971. An investigation of genotype-environment interactions for rate of ear emergence in spring barley. Heredity, 26, 157–175.
Perkins, Jean M, and Jinks, J L. 1968. Environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability. III. Multiple lines and crosses. Heredity, 23, 239–256.
Perkins, J M, and Jinks, J L. 1973. The assessment and specificity of environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability. Heredity, 30, 111–126.
Tal, S, and Sheluvski, M. 1952. A review of the fish farming industry in Israel. Trans Am Fish Soc, 81, 218–223.
Tukey, J W. 1949. One degree of freedom of non-additivity. Biometrics, 5, 232–242.
Wohlfarth, G, and Moav, R. 1970. The effects of variation in spawning time on subsequent relative growth rate and viability in carp. Bamidgeh, 22, 42–47.
Wohlfarth, G, and Moav, R. 1972. The regression of weight gain on initial weight in carp. I. Methods and results. Aquaculture, 1, 7–28.
Wohlfarth, G, Lahman, M, Moav, R, and Ankorion, Y. 1965. Activities of the Carp Breeders Union in 1964. Bamidgeh, 17, 9–15.
Yashouv, A. 1955. The Punten carp and its attributes. Bamidgeh, 7, 46–55.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moav, R., Hulata, G. & Wohlfarth, G. Genetic differences between the Chinese and European races of the common carp. Heredity 34, 323–340 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1975.42
Received:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1975.42
This article is cited by
-
Genetic parameter estimates and genotype by environment interaction analyses for early growth traits in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Aquaculture International (2015)
-
Performance of different tench, Tinca tinca (L.), groups under semi-intensive pond conditions: it is worth establishing a coordinated breeding program
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries (2010)
-
Genetic diversity and population structure inferred from the partially duplicated genome of domesticated carp, Cyprinus carpio L.
Genetics Selection Evolution (2007)
-
Genetic differences between the Chinese and European races of the common carp
Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1990)
-
Genetic differences between the Chinese and European races of common carp
Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1986)
