Summary
Variation within a 12 kb region containing the Adh gene was studied in 16 highly inbred lines of independent extraction from a population of Drosophila melanogaster, “Texas”. Out of a selection of 8 hexanucleotide specific restriction endonucleases, four restriction site and five DNA insertion/deletion variations were observed and the heterozygosity per nucleotide was 0·004. Linkage disequilibrium between two restriction sites, considerably removed from and on either side of the Adh transcriptional unit, identified two major classes of chromosome or haplotype in the population. These two haplotypes were strongly associated with the capacity of lines to respond to the environment (genotype-environment interaction) in ADH activity. It was concluded that a control or regulatory polymorphism was present in the population in association with the Adh transcriptional unit.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Antonarakis, S E, Orkin, S H, Kazazian, H H Jr, Goff, S C, Boehm, C D, Waber, P G, Sexton, J P, Ostrer, H, Fairbanks, V F, and Chakravarti, A. 1982. Evidence for multiple origins of the βE-globin gene in Southeast Asia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 79, 6608–6611.
Avise, J C, Lansman, R A, and Shade, R O. 1979. The use of restriction endonucleases to measure mitochondrial DNA sequence relatedness in natural populations. I. Population structure and evolution in the genus Peromyscus. Genetics, 92, 279–295.
Benyajati, C, Place, A R, Powers, D A, and Sofer, W. 1981. Alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster: Relationship of intervening sequences to functional domains in the protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 78, 2717–2721.
Bingham, P M. 1981. A novel mutant allele at the white locus of Drosophila melanogaster is mutable. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant Biol 45, 519–525.
Bingham, P, Levis, R, and Rubin, G M. 1981. Cloning of DNA sequences from the white locus of Drosophila melanogaster by a novel and general method. Cell, 25, 693–704.
Barnes, B W, Birley, A J. 1975. Genetical variation for enzyme activity in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. IV. Analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in chromosome substitution lines. Heredity, 40, 51–57.
Birley, A J, and Barnes, B W. 1973. Genetical variation for enzyme activity in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Extent of the variation for enzyme activity. Heredity, 31, 413–416.
Birley, A J, Marson, A, and Phillips, L C. 1980. Genetical variation for enzyme activity in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. V. The genetical architecture, as shown by diallel analysis, of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Heredity, 44, 251–268.
Birley, A J, and Marson, A. 1981. Genetical variation for enzyme activity in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. VII. Genotype-environment interaction for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Heredity, 46, 427–441.
Birley, A J, Couch, P, and Marson, A. 1981. Genetical variation for enzyme activity in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. VI. Molecular variation in the control of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Heredity, 47, 185–196.
Caligari, P D S, and Mather, K. 1980. Dominance, allele frequency and selection in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Roy Soc B 208, 163–187.
Engels, W R. 1981. Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila and the stochastic loss hypothesis. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 45, 561–565.
Engels, W R, and Preston, C R. 1981. Identifying P factors in Drosophila by means of chromosome breakage hotspots. Cell, 26, 421–428.
Ewens, W J, Spielman, R S, and Harris, H. 1981. Estimation of genetic variation at the DNA level from restriction endonuclease data. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 78, 3748–3750.
Goldberg, D. 1980. Isolation and partial characterisation of the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, 77, 5794–5798.
Green, M M. 1977. Genetic instability in Drosophila melanogaster: de nouo induction of putative insertion elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, 74, 2978–2980.
Green, M M. 1980. Transposable elements in Drosophila and other Diptera. Ann Rev Genet 14, 109–120.
Higgs, D R, Goodbourne, S E Y, Wainscoat, J S, Clegg, J B, and Weatherall, D J. 1981. Highly variable regions of DNA flank the human α globin genes. Nucleic Acids Res 9, 4213–4224.
Jeffreys, A J. 1979. DNA sequence variants in the Gγ-Aγ, S and β-globin genes of man. Cell, 18, 1–10.
Kreitman, M. 1983. Nucleotide polymorphism of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Nature, 304, 412–416.
Langley, C H, Montgomery, E, and Quattlebaum, W. 1982. Restriction map variation in the Adh region of Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 79, 5631–5635.
Laurie-Ahlberg, C C, Maroni, G, Bewley, G C, Lucchesi, J C, and Weir, B S. 1980. Quantitative genetic variation of enzyme activities in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 77, 1073–1077.
McDonald, J F, and Ayala, F J. 1978. Genetical and biochemical basis of enzyme activity variation in natural populations. I. Alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 89, 371–399.
McDonnell, M W, Simon, M N, and Studier, F W. 1977. Analysis of restriction fragments of T7 DNA and determination of molecular weights by electrophoresis in neutral and alkaline gels. J Mol Biol 110, 119–146.
Malécot, G. 1948. Les Mathématiques de l'Hérédité. Translation (The Mathematics of Heredity) by Yermanos, D. M. (1946). Freeman and Company, San Francisco.
Nei, M, and Tajima, F. 1981. DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases. Genetics, 97, 145–163.
Orkin, S H, Kazazian, H H Jr, Antonarakis, S E, Goff, S C, Boehm, D, Sexton, J P, Waber, P G, and Girdina, P V J. 1982. Linkage of β-Thalassaemia mutation and β-globin polymorphisms with DNA polymorphism in the human β-globin gene cluster. Nature, 296, 627–631.
Perkins, J M, and Jinks, J L. 1968. Environmental and genotype-environmental components of variability. III. Multiple lines and crosses. Heredity, 23, 339–356.
Pooni, H S, and Jinks, J L. 1980. Non-linear genotype × environment interactions. II. Statistical models and genetical control. Heredity, 45, 389–400.
Rigby, P W J, Diekmann, M, Rhodes, C, and Berg, P. 1977. Labelling DNA to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase-I. J Mol Biol, 113, 237–251.
Schaffer, H E, and Sederoff, R R. 1980. Improved estimation of DNA fragment lengths from agarose gels. Anal Biochem 113–122.
Shah, D M, and Langley, C H. 1979. Complex mitochondrial DNA in Drosophila. Nucleic Acids Research, 4, 2949–2960.
Southern, E M. 1975. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol, 98, 506–517.
Strobel, E, Dunsmuir, P, and Rubin, G. 1979. Polymorphisms in the chromosomal locations of the elements of the 412, copia and 297 dispersed repeated gene families in Drosophila. Cell, 17, 429–439.
Wahl, G M, Stern, M, and Stark, G R. 1979. Efficient transfer of large DNA from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and rapid hybridisation by using dextran sulphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76, 3683–3687.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Birley, A. Restriction endonuclease map variation and gene activity in the ADH region in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 52, 103–112 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1984.10
Received:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1984.10
This article is cited by
-
The alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster: restriction map variation in the region of the Adh locus in populations from two hemispheres
Heredity (1992)
-
The alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster: ADH activity variation restriction site polymorphism and the Adh cline
Heredity (1992)
-
Restriction site variation, gene duplication, and the activity ofsn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inDrosophila melanogaster
Biochemical Genetics (1992)
-
Restriction site variation, gene duplication, and the activity ofsn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inDrosophila melanogaster
Biochemical Genetics (1992)
-
Fatigue limit and crack arrest in alkali-containing silicate glasses
Journal of Materials Science (1991)
