Abstract
A simulation study on Levene’s ZM index of sexual selection in multiple choice mating experiments is presented. It is found that ZM becomes progressively biased for increasing selection intensities and for progressively extreme male proportions. Some supposedly bias-corrected alternatives, based on jackknifing and bootstrapping, have also been presented and tested. Variance estimation is also discussed. Jackknifing seems to be the more promising alternative for bias reduction and bootstrapping for variance estimation.
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Ocaña, J., de Villa, C. & Ribó, G. Bias and efficiency in estimating sexual selection. Levene's Z index and some resampling alternatives. Heredity 67, 95–102 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1991.68
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1991.68
