Table 3 Expected relative bias (Bias) and expected relative root mean square error (RMSE) of the maximum-likelihood estimator of the proportion of immigrant male gametes based on the full set of observed haplotypes (using equation (4))

m	n=20		n=40		n=138		n=187		n=440
	Bias	RMSE	Bias	RMSE	Bias	RMSE	Bias	RMSE	Bias	RMSE
0	0.006	0.031	0.001	0.010	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
0.05	0.032	1.775	−0.001	1.288	−0.018	0.692	−0.002	0.599	−0.003	0.382
0.10	−0.023	1.218	−0.013	0.885	0.001	0.469	0.002	0.399	0.005	0.259
0.15	−0.015	0.983	−0.003	0.703	0.001	0.366	0.000	0.314	0.001	0.204
0.20	−0.021	0.828	0.005	0.591	−0.003	0.308	0.001	0.264	0.002	0.173
0.40	0.000	0.533	0.003	0.371	0.000	0.193	−0.001	0.168	0.000	0.108
0.80	0.018	0.335	0.010	0.222	0.000	0.110	−0.002	0.094	0.000	0.062
1	0.055	0.296	0.033	0.200	0.005	0.089	0.002	0.072	0.001	0.045

Error estimates are based on 10 000 independent simulations of the immigration process, assuming different sample sizes (n) and immigration rates (m). Errors for m=0 are absolute, as relative values are undefined in this case.

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