Figure 1

MLTR bias in the estimation of the population outcrossing rate (t) and adult inbreeding coefficient (F) using three experimental designs with small family sizes. Mean estimated t (a) and F (b) from simulations with 100 families each with four offspring (squares), 200 families each with two offspring (triangles), and 400 families each with one offspring (circles). Means are shown with standard errors. The solid black line represents no difference between the mean estimate and the true value.