Table 4 Additive genetic, year (cohort), nest site and phenotypic covariances and genetic and phenotypic correlations between melanin-based gray rump coloration (%), body mass (g) and PHA-mediated immune response (mm) in common kestrel fledglings from multivariate (three traits) animal models
From: Multivariate heredity of melanin-based coloration, body mass and immunity
Covariances | Cov A ±s.e. | Cov Y ±s.e. | Cov N ±s.e. | Cov P ±s.e. | Genetic correlation | Phenotypic correlation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Females | ||||||
Rump gray—body mass | 19.609±14.031 (P=0.209) | n.e. | 3.303±3.902 (P=0.439) | −2.95±8.21 (P=0.014) | 0.373±0.297 | −0.015±0.041 |
Rump gray—PHA response | 0.156±0.729 (P=0.841) | n.e. | 0.046±0.209 (P=0.841) | −0.381±0.462 (P=0.177) | 0.069±0.324 | −0.034±0.041 |
Body mass—PHA response | 6.000±2.072 (P=0.003) | −0.415±1.186 (P=0.806) | 0.339±0.607 (P=0.597) | 5.707±1.719 (P<0.001) | 0.370±0.113 | 0.215±0.065 |
Males | ||||||
Rump gray—body mass | 31.753±35.196 (P=0.383) | 15.119±11.477 (P=0.149) | n.e. | 30.427±22.337 (P=0.086) | 0.083±0.093 | 0.068±0.049 |
Rump gray—PHA response | −1.192±2.206 (P=0.313) | −2.574±1.667 (P=0.120) | n.e. | −4.236±2.051 (P=0.017) | −0.067±0.124 | −0.155±0.068 |
Body mass—PHA response | 6.567±1.722 (P<0.001) | −1.893±1.071 (P=0.089) | 0.197±0.445 (P=0.671) | 4.196±1.476 (P<0.001) | 0.440±0.099 | 0.187±0.072 |
