Table 5 Growth (height, diameter and volume) response in glasshouse and common garden trials from self (0 m), nearest neighbour (50 m), within forest (250 m), within pasture (700 m), and surrounding sites (3 km) pollination treatments

From: Remnant Pachira quinata pasture trees have greater opportunities to self and suffer reduced reproductive success due to inbreeding depression

Fitness response

0 m

50 m

250 m

700 m

3 km

Growth in glasshouse

Seedling size at 4 months

n=4

n=15

n=35

n=15

n=56

Height (cm)

19.8 (5.4)

27.1 (2.0)

26.4 (1.0)

24.5 (2.1)

25.1 (1.0)

Diameter (mm)

4.8 (0.6)

5.7 (0.4)

5.8 (0.2)

5.4 (0.4)

5.5 (0.2)

Volume (cc)

3.16 (1.28)

6.66 (1.16)

6.18 (0.54)

5.28 (0.76)

5.53 (0.41)

Seedling size at 8 months

n=2

n=7

n=23

n=7

n=26

Height (cm)

40.0 (9.9)

56.2 (8.6)

49.6 (4.0)

61.7 (7.8)

51.7 (3.8)

Diameter (mm)

7.7 (0.01)

9.7 (0.9)

8.8 (0.5)

9.1 (1.0)

8.8 (0.4)

Volume (cc)

18.5 (2.6)

47.9 (13.5)

35.9 (5.0)

48.6 (12.4)

37.4 (4.8)

Growth in common garden

Seedling size at 9 months

n=2

n=20

n=51

n=25

n=90

Height (m)**

0.66 (0.12)

0.82 (0.05)

0.82 (0.02)

0.68 (0.03)

0.77 (0.01)

Diameter (mm)

29.2 (3.9)

30.8 (1.4)

30.5 (0.1)

29.4 (1.1)

29.6 (0.1)

Volume (cc/100)

4.8 (0.3)

7.4 (0.7)

6.7 (0.4)

6.3 (0.7)

7.3 (0.4)

Sapling size at 21 months

n=2

n=20

n=51

n=25

n=90

Height (m)

2.33 (0.01)

2.85 (0.01)

2.91 (0.01)

2.76 (0.09)

2.8 (0.01)

Diameter (mm) **

43.0 (4.5)

54.5 (1.7)

56.8 (0.2)

49.7 (2.5)

52.9 (0.1)

Volume (cc/100)

35.3 (7.7)

78.7 (5.3)

81.4 (4.5)

71.8 (5.6)

91.7 (7.5)

  1. Values are mean (s.e.). n=sample size. Level of significance **P<0.01 by χ2 analysis.