Table 1 Notation key^a

i,j,k,x,l,m

Subscript to denote an individual.

P_i

Observed trait value of an individual.

P_D,i,,

Direct effect of i, indirect effect of i to kin, indirect effect of i to stranger.

Phenotype variance among individuals, unobserved phenotype variance on self, kin and strangers.

Variance of DGEs among individuals, variance of IGEs on kin among individuals, variance of IGEs on strangers among individuals.

Variance of family breeding value among individuals, variance of total breeding value among individuals.

Variance of direct environment among individuals, variance of indirect environment on kin among individual, variance of indirect environment on strangers among individual.

Covariance between DGEs and IGEs to kin, correlation between DGEs and IGEs to kin, covariance between DGEs and IGEs to strangers and correlation between DGEs and IGEs to strangers.

Covariance between IGEs to kin and IGEs to strangers, correlation between IGEs to kin and IGEs to strangers.

Covariance and correlation between nongenetic direct and nongenetic indirect on kin.

Covariance and correlation between nongenetic direct and nongenetic indirect on strangers.

Covariance and correlation between nongenetic in direct on kin and nongenetic indirect on strangers.

r,ρ,

Relatedness among individual in a group, residual correlation of family member in a group, group size, variance of nonfamily member in a group.