Table 1 Biparental testcross population parameters, number of lines and number of polymorphic low-density and GBS SNPs within 19 maize biparental populations, and heritability of target trait–environment combinations (GY, AD and PH in WW and SS environments)

Pop. no.	Pedigree	Tester	Pop. type	N^a	N^b	N^c	Heritability
							GY_WW	GY_SS	AD_WW	AD_SS	PH_WW	PH_SS
1	P1 × P2	T1	F2	165	201	62 776	0.31	0.32	0.56	0.53	0.82	0.31
2	P2 × P3	T1	F2	162	188	56 891	0.22	0.18	0.54	0.40	0.69	0.69
3	P2 × P4	T1	F2	126	183	55 583	0.35	0.00	0.34	0.31	0.52	0.44
4	P2 × P5	T1	F2	163	209	65 223	0.27	0.00	0.56	0.44	0.39	0.22
5	P4 × P1	T1	F2	183	208	60 039	0.40	0.07	0.33	0.38	0.63	0.56
6	P6 × P7	T1	F2	173	195	48 662	0.37	0.00	0.71	0.73	0.76	0.21
7	P8 × P9	T1	F2	181	212	52 546	0.40	0.26	0.74	0.51	0.61	0.40
8	P8 × P7	T1	F2	184	212	55 039	0.55	0.10	0.77	0.59	0.80	0.34
9	P10 × P11	T1	F2	184	211	58 594	0.29	0.16	0.56	0.45	0.75	0.61
10	P12 × P13	T1	F2	174	194	55 301	0.31	0.11	0.53	0.52	0.74	0.06
11	P14 × P15	T2	BC1F2	184	170	54 208	0.11	0.01	0.60	0.50	0.81	0.37
12	P14 × P16	T2	BC1F2	184	165	53 761	0.28	0.05	0.64	0.39	0.71	0.26
13	P17 × P18	T2	BC1F2	184	185	70 728	0.45	0.35	0.64	0.34	0.75	0.52
14	P18 × P19	T2	BC1F2	160	162	52 468	0.44	0.27	0.68	0.56	0.62	0.39
15	P19 × P15	T2	BC1F2	178	176	49 126	0.00	0.38	0.61	0.41	0.66	0.02
16	P15 × P5	T1	BC1F2	184	183	67 178	0.31	0.00	0.65	0.57	0.78	0.52
17	P20 × P17	T2	F2	173	166	61 036	0.45	0.27	0.70	0.50	0.88	0.56
18	P21 × P22	T2	BC1F2	176	172	78 005	0.00	0.21	0.72	0.55	0.79	0.57
19	P22 × P23	T2	BC1F2	155	184	66 109	0.39	0.39	0.69	0.62	0.77	0.36
			Avg	172	188	58 731	0.31	0.16	0.61	0.49	0.71	0.39

Abbreviations: AD, anthesis day; GBS, genotyping-by-sequencing; GY, grain yield; PH, plant height; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; SS, water-stressed; WW, well-watered.
^aNumber of lines in each biparental population.
^bNumber of polymorphic low-density SNPs in each biparental population.
^cNumber of polymorphic GBS high-density SNPs in each biparental population.

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