Table 2 Demographic parameters estimated by an isolation with migration (IM) model based on 12 nuclear loci excluding a putative nonneutral locus C12

From: Importance of demographic history for phylogeographic inference on the arctic–alpine plant Phyllodoce caerulea in East Asia

Parameters

MLE

95% HPD

Migration rate a

mN>S

0.001

(0.000–0.323)

mS>N

0.001

(0.000–0.335)

mN>Pa

0.001

(0.000–0.271)

mPa>N

0.001

(0.000–0.287)

mS>Pa

0.151

(0.005–0.523)

mPa>S

0.001

(0.000–0.293)

mA0>Pa

0.001

(0.000–0.327)

mPa>A0

0.001

(0.000–0.289)

Population size a

θN

0.136

(0.037–0.392)

θS

0.099

(0.032–0.249)

θPa

0.444

(0.249–0.738)

θA0

0.393

(0.133–1.133)

θA1

0.174

(0.000–1.244)

Divergence time

t0

0.044

(0.012–0.116)

t1

0.416

(0.163–0.806)

Scaled divergence time; ka

T0_low

22.2

(6.2–58.7)

T0_high

32.6

(9.1–86.3)

T1_low

210.9

(82.5–408.5)

T1_high

310.3

(121.3–601.0)

  1. Abbreviations: A0, ancestral population of P. caerulea; A1, ancestral population of P. caerulea and P. aleutica; HPD, highest probability density; MLE, maximum likelihood estimate; N and S, northern and southern groups of Phyllodoce caerulea; Pa, P. aleutica; t0 and t1, divergence time of northern and southern groups of P. caerulea and of P. caerulea and P. aleutica, respectively; Tx_low and T x_high, scaled divergence times based on faster (7.8 × 10-9 substitutions/site/year) and slower (5.3 × 10-9 substitutions/site/year) substitutions rates, respectively (ka; thousand years). The bold value indicates significant larger than zero.
  2. amx>y and θx, migration rate backward in time from population x to population y and population size of population x.