Figure 1

Diagrams depicting individuals with associated mitochondrial haplotypes and Wolbachia infection status that would be sampled from the release site under: (a) complete CI and perfect maternal transmission of Wolbachia (null model); (b) imperfect maternal transmission of Wolbachia but complete CI. Incomplete CI would also lead to some uninfected offspring in the infected male × uninfected female cross; (c) immigration of uninfected individuals, assuming the immigrating mosquitoes are similar to the uninfected individuals, hence differentiated from the infected individuals; (d) paternal transmission of mitochondria (D1) or Wolbachia (D2). For (D1), if CI is incomplete, there will be presence of uninfected offspring that are heteroplasmic, and for (D2) if CI is complete, the profile will be identical to (a). Heteroplasmic individuals can either produce heteroplasmic gametes or randomly pass on only one haplotype.