Figure 1
From: Novel and recurrent RNF213 variants in Japanese pediatric patients with moyamoya disease
Radiological studies of the patients. Conventional angiography of the first patient shows bilateral steno-occlusive changes of the ICAs with moyamoya vascular networks (a), which are also indicated by low-signal-intensity flow voids in the bilateral basal ganglia in T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (b). Post-operative magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) shows bilateral bypasses between the superficial temporal arteries and the middle cerebral arteries (c). T2-weighted MRI of the second patient shows bilateral cerebral infarctions (d). MRA shows bilateral stenosis of the ICA terminals, which is more severe on the right side (e). MRA 4 years after surgery shows stenoses in the right vertebral artery and the proximal portion of the left ICA, in addition to the disease progression on the right side (f). Three-dimensional-computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) shows diffuse stenosis along the descending aorta involving the left renal artery (g). MRA shows a steno-occlusive change at the right ICA terminal with moyamoya vascular networks (h). T2*-weighted MRI of the third patient shows a low-signal-intensity hemorrhagic scar in the right frontal lobe (i).
