Table 5 Joint segregation of leaf background color (lemon or green) and main vein color (white or green) in progeny of four caladium crosses

Cross [cross no.]	Caladium progeny (no.)				Expect. ratio ^a	χ ² (P)	Recombination (%)
	White veined (V^w_)^b		Green veined (V^gV^g)
	Lemon (LEM_) ^b	Green (lemlem)	Lemon (LEM_) ^b	Green (lemlem)
‘Miss Muffet’ (V^w LEM//V^g lem)×‘Gingerland’ (V^w lem//V^g lem) [2]	116	78	8	64	3:3:1:1	55.003 (P <0.001)	6.02^c
‘Gingerland’ (V^w lem//V^g lem)×‘Miss Muffet’ (V^w LEM//V^g lem) [3]	147	99	18	83	3:3:1:1	83.906 (P <0.001)	10.37^c
‘Miss Muffet’ (V^w LEM//V^g lem)×‘Candidum’ (V^g lem//V^g lem) [4]	293	14	6	295	1:1:1:1	530.855 (P <0.001)	3.29^d
‘Candidum’ (V^g lem//V^g lem)×‘Miss Muffet’ (V^w LEM//V^g lem) [5]	310	11	14	324	1:1:1:1	563.416 (P <0.001)	3.79^d
UF-52 (V^w LEM//V^g lem)×UF-317 (V^g lem//V^g lem) [17]	64	5	3	73	1:1:1:1	115.685 (P <0.001)	5.51^d
						Average	5.80 (±2.80)

^a Two possible genotypes (V^wV^w and V^wV^g, generalized as V^w_ here) in these crosses produce white-veined progeny, and the recessive genotype (V^gV^g) produces green-veined progeny. Two possible genotypes (LEMLEM or LEMlem, generalized as LEM_ here) produce the lemon background color, and the recessive genotype (lemlem) produces the green background color.
^b Segregation ratio expected for independent inheritance between leaf main vein color and leaf background color.
^c Recombination frequencies in these populations were calculated as follows: [(no. of green-veined and lemon progeny/total no. of progeny)×2]×100.
^d Recombination frequencies in these pseudo BC₁ populations were calculated as follows: [(no. of white-veined and green progeny+no. of green-veined and lemon progeny)/total no. of progeny]×100.

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