Table 7 Joint segregation of four foliar traits, main vein color, spotting, rugosity and background color in progeny of ‘Miss Muffet’ (V^w s LEM rlf//V^g S lem RLF) and ‘Candidum’ (V^g s lem rlf //Vg s lem rlf)

From: A single gene controls leaf background color in caladium (Araceae) and is tightly linked to genes for leaf main vein color, spotting and rugosity

Type of progeny	Caladium progeny				No. of progeny
	Main vein color	Leaf spotting	Leaf background color	Leaf rugosity
Parental types	Green (V^gV^g)	Spotted (Ss)	Green (lemlem)	Rugose (RLFrlf)	563
	White (V^wV^g)	Non-spotted (ss)	Lemon (LEMlem)	Non-rugose (rlfrlf)	528
Single crossover I (between RLF and S)	White (V^wV^g)	Non-spotted (ss)	Lemon (LEMlem)	Rugose (RLFrlf)	71
	Green (V^gV^g)	Spotted (Ss)	Green (lemlem)	Non-rugose (rlfrlf)	56
Single crossover II (between S and V)	White (V^wV^g)	Spotted (Ss)	Lemon (LEMlem)	Rugose (RLFrlf)	4
	Green (V^gV^g)	Non-spotted (ss)	Green (lemlem)	Non-rugose (rlfrlf)	1
Single crossover III (between LEM and V)	Green (V^gV^g)	Spotted (Ss)	Lemon (LEMlem)	Rugose (RLFrlf)	19
	White (V^wV^g)	Non-spotted (ss)	Green (lemlem)	Non-rugose (rlfrlf)	21
Double crossover I (between RLF and S, and between S and V)	White (V^wV^g)	Spotted (Ss)	Lemon (LEMlem)	Non-rugose (rlfrlf)	0
	Green (V^gV^g)	Non-spotted (ss)	Green (lemlem)	Rugose (RLFrlf)	0
Double crossover II (between S and V, and between V and LEM)	Green (V^gV^g)	Non-spotted (ss)	Lemon (LEMlem)	Non-rugose (rlfrlf)	1
	White (V^wV^g)	Spotted (Ss)	Green (lemlem)	Rugose (RLFrlf)	0
Double crossover III (between RLF and S, and between LEM and V)	Green (V^gV^g)	Spotted (Ss)	Lemon (LEMlem)	Non-rugose (rlfrlf)	3
	White (V^wV^g)	Non-spotted (ss)	Green (lemlem)	Rugose (RLFrlf)	4
Triple crossover (between RLF and S, between S and V, and between V and LEM)	Green (V^gV^g)	Non-spotted (ss)	Lemon (LEMlem)	Rugose (RLFrlf)	0
	White (V^wV^g)	Spotted (Ss)	Green (lemlem)	Non-rugose (rlfrlf)	0
Total					1267
Recombination frequency between RLF and S:	10.58%^a
Recombination frequency between S and V:	0.47%^b
Recombination frequency between V and LEM:	3.79%^c
Recombination frequency between RLF and LEM:	14.84%^d

^aRecombination frequency between RLF (leaf rugosity) and S (leaf spotting) was calculated using the following formula: (no. of progeny from single crossover I + no. of progeny from double crossover I + no. of progeny from double crossover III + no. of progeny from triple crossover)/total number of progeny×100.
^bRecombination frequency between S (leaf spotting) and V (leaf main vein color) was calculated using the following formula: (no. of progeny from single crossover II + no. of progeny from double crossover I + no. of progeny from double crossover II + no. of progeny from triple crossover)/total number of progeny×100.
^cRecombination frequency between V and LEM (leaf background color) was calculated using the following formula: (no. of progeny from single crossover III + no. of progeny from double crossover II + no. of progeny from double crossover III + no. of progeny from triple crossover)/total number of progeny×100.
^dRecombination frequency between RLF and LEM was calculated using the following formula: (recombination frequency between RLF and S + recombination frequency between S and V + recombination frequency between V and LEM).

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Table 7 Joint segregation of four foliar traits, main vein color, spotting, rugosity and background color in progeny of ‘Miss Muffet’ (V^w s LEM rlf//V^g S lem RLF) and ‘Candidum’ (V^g s lem rlf //Vg s lem rlf)

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