Table 1 Clinical characteristics of controls and patients with metabolic syndrome

From: Impaired atrial synchronicity in patients with metabolic syndrome associated with insulin resistance and independent of hypertension

 

Control group (n=110)

MS group (n=145)

P-value

Age (years)

54.71±8.05

56.94±9.79

0.063

Female (%)

71 (64)

84 (58)

0.066

Clinical features

 Weight (kg)

65.41±9.53

76.95±13.37

<0.001

 Height (cm)

162.98±6.53

164.15±8.05

0.202

 BMI (kg m−2)

24.56±2.76

28.46±3.64

<0.001

 Waist circumference (cm)

84.68±8.19

96.92±9.61

<0.001

 Hip circumference (cm)

98.26±6.41

106.31±7.95

<0.001

 Waist-to-hip ratio

0.87±0.04

0.94±0.07

<0.001

 Systolic BP (mm Hg)

116.51±10.44

151.09±21.04

<0.001

 Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

75.56±6.47

93.41±13.69

<0.001

 Heart rate (b.p.m.)

69±9

70±10

0.237

 P duration (ms)

113±8

115±10

0.193

 Total cholesterol (mmol l−1)

4.77±0.83

5.51±1.07

<0.001

 Triglycerides (mmol l−1)

1.16±0.55

2.43±2.18

<0.001

 LDL cholesterol (mmol l−1)

3.04±0.73

3.70±0.97

<0.001

 HDL cholesterol (mmol l−1)

1.57±0.31

1.27±0.32

<0.001

 Fasting blood glucose (mmol l−1)

4.86±0.60

6.65±2.58

<0.001

 Insulin (μU ml−1)

10.46±4.74

19.81±10.55

<0.001

 HOMA index

2.31±1.24

6.01±4.48

<0.001

Past diseases (n, %)

 Hypertension

0 (0)

31 (21)

—

 Type II diabetes mellitus

0 (0)

38 (26)

—

Past medical history (n, %)

 Beta-blockers

0 (0)

3 (2)

—

 Calcium antagonists

0 (0)

8 (5)

—

 ACEI or ARB

0 (0)

2 (1)

—

 Loop diuretics

0 (0)

4 (3)

—

 Oral hypoglycemia

0 (0)

27 (19)

—

  1. Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA, the homeostasis model assessment; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MS, metabolic syndrome.
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