Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study subjects categorized by nocturnal BP profile

From: Abnormal nocturnal blood pressure profile is associated with mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: the J-SHIPP study

 

Total subjects (n=144)

Extreme dipper (n=25)

Dipper (n=53)

Non-dipper (n=50)

Riser (n=16)

P-value

Age (years)

68±7

69±7

67±7

68±7

71±8

0.151

Sex (male/female)

49/95

9/16

15/38

19/31

6/10

0.740

Body mass index (kg/m2)

23±3

23±2

23±3

23±3

23±3

0.949

Hypnotic treatment (n)

9

2

3

3

1

0.983

Type II diabetes (n)

16

5

1

9

1

0.025

Pulse wave velocity (cm s−1)

1651±326

1536±357

1576±249

1716±315

1866±400

0.001

Systolic BP

 Clinic (mm Hg)

136±20

131±20

133±17

139±20

151±25

0.005

 24 h (mm Hg)

130±15

128±10

128±12

131±16

136±20

0.236

 Awake (mm Hg)

133±15

136±11

132±13

133±17

134±20

0.655

 Sleeping (mm Hg)

118±18

103±8

113±12

124±15

143±21

<0.001

 Nocturnal BP change (%)

−11±0

−25±4

−15±3

−6±3

7±4

<0.001

Diastolic BP

 Clinic (mm Hg)

76±0

75±12

76±10

77±9

80±12

0.356

 24-h (mm Hg)

76±7

76±4

77±7

77±7

77±7

0.905

 Awake (mm Hg)

79±7

80±5

79±7

78±8

76±7

0.253

 Sleeping (mm Hg)

69±9

60±4

66±7

73±7

79±6

<0.001

 Nocturnal BP change (%)

−12±10

−25±5

−17±5

−7±5

4±6

<0.001

Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele (n)

34

6

12

11

5

0.281

  1. Abbreviation: BP, blood pressure.
  2. Values are mean±s.d. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured in 15-min intervals during the day (0700 to 2200 hours) and in 30-min intervals at night. Circadian blood pressure pattern was defined as follows: extreme dipper, with a decline in nocturnal systolic blood pressure ⩾20%; dipper, 10–19%; non-dipper, 0–9%; and riser, increase in nocturnal systolic blood pressure. Type II diabetes was diagnosed as either or both fasting blood glucose ⩾126 mg per 100 ml or the current use of oral antidiabetic agents.
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