Table 2 Characteristics of patients with sustained and white coat hypertension as defined by ambulatory blood pressure measurements
Parameter | Sustained hypertension | White coat hypertension | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 163 (76.9%) | 49 (23.1%) | |
Age (years, range) | 52.1±13.1 (25–80) | 56.6±14.3 (32–82) | 0.040 |
Sex (female/male, n) | 41.1% (67)/58.9% (96) | 46.9% (23)/53.1% (26) | 0.470 |
Body mass index (kg m–2) | 27.4±5.1 | 25.9±3.8 | 0.053 |
Office blood pressure | |||
Visit 1 (SBP/DBP) | 163±15/101±7 | 159±11/98±5 | 0.097/0.005 |
Visit 2 (SBP/DBP) | 153±14/97±9 | 150±11/93±9 | 0.143/0.006 |
Blood pressure stage (1/2/3) | 13.5/65.6/20.9% | 30.6/63.3/6.1% | 0.436* |
Ambulatory blood pressure | |||
24 h (SBP/DBP) | 138±10/86±6 | 121±7/73±6 | <0.001/<0.001 |
Day (SBP/DBP) | 144±10/90±7 | 126±6/77±6 | <0.001/<0.001 |
Night (SBP/DBP) | 130±13/79±8 | 113±10/67±7 | <0.001/<0.001 |
Risk factors | |||
Smoking | 39.9% | 32.7% | 0.363 |
Dyslipidemia | 22.7% | 26.5% | 0.531 |
Obesity | 23.3% | 16.3% | 0.186 |
Physical inactivity | 51.5% | 38.8% | 0.298 |
Family history of CV disease | 41.7% | 34.7% | 0.380 |
Risk factor count (0/1–2/⩾3) | 6.1/58.9/35.0% | 4.1/69.4/26.5% | 0.951* |
Target organ damage | |||
Echo parameters | |||
Left ventricular mass (g) | 210±60 | 198±58 | 0.241 |
Cardiac mass index (g m–2) | 112±28 | 107±27 | 0.283 |
Echocardiographic LVH | 30.1% | 22.4% | 0.301 |
E/A ratio | 1.07±0.31 | 1.12±0.29 | 0.170 |
ECG parameters | |||
Sokolow-Lyon index (>3.5 mV) | 9.8% | 8.2% | 0.729 |
Cornell product (>2440 mV × ms) | 17.8% | 12.2% | 0.360 |
Electrocardiographic LVH | 22.7% | 16.3% | 0.340 |
Microalbuminuria | 21.5% | 12.2% | 0.153 |
Hypertensive retinopathy III/IV | 4.3% | 2.5% | 0.892 |
Associated clinical conditions | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 6.1% | 4.1% | 0.586 |
Evidence of CV or renal disease | 8.0% | 4.1% | 0.352 |
