Table 1 Characteristics of African and Caucasian men
African men (n=70) | Caucasian men (n=91) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 41.7±8.0 | 44.6±11.2 | 0.059 |
Body mass index (kg m−2) | 27.3±6.0 | 28.7±4.9 | 0.12 |
Biochemical measurements | |||
Urinary albumin (mg l−1) | 7.85 (6.73–21.38) | 3.43 (1.99–10.00) | <0.001 |
Albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg mmol−1)a | 0.79 (0.33–2.06) | 0.22 (0.79–0.92) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 4.75±1.08 | 5.62±1.23 | <0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 1.08±0.39 | 1.00±0.27 | 0.14 |
Serum glucose (mmol l−1) | 5.30 (4.32–6.86) | 5.73 (4.90–6.70) | <0.001 |
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg l−1) | 2.56 (0.21–16.07) | 1.77 (0.99–8.20) | 0.026 |
Cardiovascular measurements | |||
Office systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 136.7±19.3 | 130.4±12.9 | 0.020 |
Office diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 90.9±13.1 | 85.4±9.0 | 0.003 |
Pulse wave velocity (m s−1) | 8.60±1.69 | 8.55±1.34 | 0.83 |
Daytime ambulatory blood pressure | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 139.5±14.7 | 132.9±10.0 | 0.002 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 91.2±10.1 | 84.2±8.1 | <0.001 |
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 107.3±11.2 | 100.4±8.1 | <0.001 |
Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 48.3±7.9 | 48.7±7.3 | 0.73 |
Night time ambulatory blood pressure | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 124.9±15.8 | 116.4±11.3 | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75.8±10.8 | 68.1±8.3 | <0.001 |
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 92.2±12.0 | 84.2±8.7 | <0.001 |
Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 49.2±8.8 | 48.4±7.4 | 0.52 |
Lifestyle | |||
Physical activity (kcal per day) | 2618 (1726–4018) | 3443 (2460–4677) | <0.001 |
Current smoking (0, 1) | 22 (31.4) | 16 (17.6) | 0.040 |
Current drinking (0, 1) | 25 (35.7) | 48 (52.8) | 0.031 |
Intake of medications | |||
Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 10 (14.3) | 8 (8.8) | 0.27 |
