Table 4 Independent associations between ambulatory blood pressure and albumin-to-creatinine ratio

	Albumin-to-creatinine ratio (log mg mmol⁻¹)
	African men			Caucasian men
Dependent variables	R²	Std β (95% CI)	P-value	R²	Std β (95% CI)	P-value
Daytime
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	0.330	0.168 (–0.056 to 0.392)	0.14	0.198	0.045 (–0.168 to 0.259)	0.67
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	0.304	0.037 (–0.191 to 0.266)	0.75	0.234	0.131 (–0.077 to 0.340)	0.21
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg)	0.328	0.096 (–0.129 to 0.320)	0.40	0.239	0.107 (–0.101 to 0.315)	0.31
Night time
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	0.324	0.347 (0.122 to 0.572)	0.003	0.203	–0.031 (–0.244 to 0.182)	0.77
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	0.328	0.298 (0.074 to 0.522)	0.010	0.192	–0.042 (–0.256 to 0.173)	0.70
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg)	0.340	0.331 (0.109 to 0.553)	0.004	0.190	–0.040 (–0.254 to 0.175)	0.71
Arterial stiffness
Pulse wave velocity (m s⁻¹)^a	0.319	0.271 (0.025 to 0.527)	0.032	0.379	–0.172 (–0.361 to 0.018)	0.075
Daytime pulse pressure (mm Hg)	0.220	0.265 (0.024 to 0.507)	0.032	0.109	–0.083 (–0.308 to 0.142)	0.47
Night time pulse pressure (mm Hg)	0.208	0.258 (0.014 to 0.501)	0.038	0.241	–0.00043 (–0.208 to 0.207)	>0.99

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; std β, standardized β;
Std β reflects the change in the dependent variable for 1 s.d. change in the independent variable. A larger std β reflects greater strength of the association. Adjusted for age, body mass index, serum glucose, C-reactive protein, physical activity, current smoking, current drinking and use of antihypertensive medication.
^aAdditionally, adjusted for 24 h mean arterial pressure.

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