Table 2 Comparison of baseline and echocardiographic characteristics between patients with appropriate and inappropriate left ventricular mass

From: The ratio of observed to predicted left ventricular mass is independently associated with increased cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease

Characteristics

Appropriate LVM (n=153)

Inappropriate LVM (n=332)

Age (years)

66.3±12.2

65.9±12.3

Male gender (%)

60.8

64.2

Smoking history (%)

29.4

31.9

Diabetes mellitus (%)

47.7

60.2*

Hypertension (%)

79.1

84.6

Coronary artery disease (%)

7.8

13.6

Cerebrovascular disease (%)

11.8

16.9

Congestive heart failure (%)

9.8

13.6

Atrial fibrillation (%)

2.6

4.8

Stage of CKD

  

 Stage 3 (%)

49.7

34.3**

 Stage 4 (%)

28.1

31.9

 Stage 5 (%)

22.2

33.7

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

144.7±20.4

139.9±21.4*

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

80.0±11.0

79.0±13.7

Pulse pressure (mm Hg)

64.7±17.3

60.9±17.6*

Body mass index (kg m−2)

24.2±3.4

25.9±4.1**

Laboratory parameters

  

 Albumin (g dl−1)

4.11±0.32

3.96±0.43**

 Fasting glucose (mg dl−1)

117.0±52.8

130.0±60.7*

 Triglyceride (mg dl−1)

131.5 (94–183.5)

144 (97.3–204.8)

 Total cholesterol (mg dl−1)

190.7±47.6

196.2±47.6

 Hemoglobin (g dl−1)

12.0±2.2

11.4±2.4*

 Baseline eGFR (ml min−1 per 1.73 m2)

28.5±14.0

25.0±14.3*

 Uric acid (mg dl−1)

7.9±2.0

8.4±2.3*

 Proteinuria (%)

64.1

67.1

Medications

  

 ACEI and/or ARB use (%)

72.0

73.3

 β-blocker use (%)

28.7

33.1

 Calcium channel blocker use (%)

52.0

57.4

 Diuretics use (%)

36.7

48.2*

Number of antihypertensive drug use

1.9±1.1

2.1±1.1*

Echocardiographic data

  

 LA diameter >4.7cm (%)

2.6

8.4*

 Left ventricular geometry

  

non-LVH

70.6

19.6**

concentric LVH

0

39.8

eccentric LVH

29.4

40.7

 Observed/predicted LVM (%)

105.8±15.4

180.0±49.3**

 LVEF<50% (%)

0.7

8.4**

 mwFS<14% (%)

1.3

29.8**

 E-wave deceleration time (ms)

220.1±63.8

226.3±67.3

 E/A<1 (%)

71.3

78.0

  1. Abbreviations: A, peak late transmitral filling wave velocity; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; E, peak early transmitral filling wave velocity; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LA, left atrial; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVM, left ventricular mass; mwFS, midwall fractional shortening.
  2. *P<0.05, **P<0.001 compared with patients with appropriate LVM.
Back to article page