Table 2 Cardiovascular death according to blood pressure categories by age group

From: Blood pressure categories and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease according to age group in Japanese men and women

 

Optimal

Normal/non-optimal

High-normal

Grade I hypertension

Grade II hypertension

Grade III hypertension

Total

Very elderly (75–89 years)

 Number at risk

350

483

726

1251

616

241

3667

 Person-years

2627

3786

5563

9655

4855

1810

28 296

 CVD deaths

38

45

105

206

137

60

591

 Crude ratea

14.46

11.89

18.88

21.34

28.22

33.15

20.89

 HR (95% CI)b

1

0.83 (0.54–1.28)

1.27 (0.87–1.84)

1.38 (0.97–1.97)

1.46 (1.01–2.12)

1.73 (1.14–2.64)

 

 PAF (%)c

—

−1.6

3.7

9.7

7.3

4.3

23.4

Elderly (65–74 years)

 Number at risk

1880

2227

3105

4290

1735

470

13 707

 Person-years

16 086

19 202

26 249

38 491

15 973

4391

120 392

 CVD deaths

45

96

104

267

146

66

724

 Crude ratea

2.80

5.00

3.96

6.94

9.14

15.03

6.01

 HR (95% CI)b

1

1.76 (1.23–2.51)

1.40 (0.99–1.99)

2.20 (1.59–3.03)

2.64 (1.87–3.73)

3.96 (2.67–5.85)

 

 PAF (%)c

—

5.7

4.1

20.1

12.5

6.8

49.3

Middle-aged (40–64 years)

 Number at risk

12 534

10 897

10 494

11 188

3728

1094

49 935

 Person-years

132 300

117 254

109 424

122 301

40 846

12 756

534 880

 CVD deaths

51

87

102

194

124

71

629

 Crude ratea

0.39

0.74

0.93

1.59

3.04

5.57

1.18

 HR (95% CI)b

1

1.77 (1.25–2.51)

1.94 (1.38–2.73)

2.99 (2.17–4.11)

5.23 (3.71–7.35)

8.50 (5.81–12.43)

 

 PAF (%)c

—

6.0

7.9

20.5

15.9

10.0

60.3

  1. Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% confidence intervals; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; PAF, population attributable fraction.
  2. aCrude rate was expressed as per 1000 person-year.
  3. bHazard ratio was adjusted for age, sex, cohort, body mass index (kg m−2), total cholesterol (mmol l−1), smoking, and drinking (model 2).
  4. cPAF estimate was based on the hazard ratio obtained by model 2.
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