Table 1 Clinical characteristics across the 1-year intervention and at 1-year post-intervention

From: Changes in serum aldosterone are associated with changes in obesity-related factors in normotensive overweight and obese young adults

Characteristic

Baseline (n=285)

6 months (n=233)

12 months (n=210)

24 months (n=189)

Aldosterone (pg ml−1)

108 (79, 156)

117 (84.3, 156)

104 (84, 140)

107 (83.1, 157.5)

Weight (kg)

91.8 (13.3)

84.6 (13.3)*

85.1 (14.2)*

88.1 (14.6)*

BMI (kg m−2)

32.9 (3.7)

30.3 (4.1)*

30.4 (4.4)*

31.4 (4.5)*

Waist circumference (cm)

100.1 (10.3)

94.8 (10.7)*

95.0 (11.8)*

97.5 (12.3)*

SBP (mm Hg)

113.2 (10.1)

109.5 (9.0)*

109.7 (9.6)*

112.2 (9.9)

DBP (mm Hg)

72.7 (8.5)

70.6 (8.2)*

71.7 (7.8)

73.8 (9.1)*

Glucose (mg dl−1)

97.3 (7.9)

97.8 (8.4)

98.2 (8.3)

97.6 (9.5)

Insulin (μU ml−1)

12.5 (9.4, 16.7)

11.4 (8.7, 15.4)*

11.8 (9.3, 15.3)

11.9 (9.5, 15.4)

HOMA-IR (mmol l−1 × μU ml−1)

3.0 (2.2, 4.2)

2.7 (2.1, 3.8)*

2.9 (2.2, 4.0)

2.9 (2.2, 3.8)

LDL-C (mg dl−1)

123.2 (32.8)

121.4 (29.1)

123.3 (30.8)

125.5 (32.6)

HDL-C (mg dl−1)

52.5 (12.7)

52.8 (12.1)

55.5 (13.7)*

54.5 (13.3)*

Triglycerides (mg dl−1)

115.5 (79, 169.5)

94 (67, 135)*

88 (71, 136)*

99 (75, 146)*

CRP (mg l−1)

2.6 (1.4, 5.6)

2.2 (1.0, 4.6)*

2.1 (0.94, 4.2)*

2.3 (0.91, 5.0)*

Leptin (ng ml−1)

26.2 (13.1)

18.6 (11.5)*

21.0 (13.5)*

22.7 (13.4)*

Adiponectin (μg ml−1)

11.9 (6.1)

12.1 (5.6)*

12.1 (5.7)

10.6 (5.7)*

Ghrelin (pg ml−1)

673.5 (547, 874.5)

774 (614, 1042)*

804.5 (629, 1121.5)*

875 (711, 1113)*

Sodium excretion (mmol per 24 h)a

185.8 (69.1)

154.5 (65.2)*

156.9 (58.9)*

157.6 (63.5)*

Potassium excretion (mmol per 24 h)a

60.7 (22.1)

62.0 (21.0)

63.9 (23.1)

61.6 (21.3)

Heart rate (beats per min)

64.3 (9.2)

62.7 (8.4)*

64.0 (8.9)

63.6 (8.8)

Sitting cardiac sympathovagal balanceb

1.6 (0.87, 2.9)

1.1 (0.64, 2.6)*

—

—

Abdominal visceral fat area (cm2)c

117.8 (56.0)

—

99.1 (53.5)*

—

Abdominal subcutaneous fat area (cm2)c

425.0 (122.4)

—

361.0 (132.2)*

—

Thigh intermuscular fat area (cm2)c

13.0 (4.8)

—

7.7 (3.7)*

—

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LFa, low-frequency area, RFa, respiratory frequency area; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
  2. Mean (s.d.) or median (IQR) are shown.
  3. Aldosterone, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, CRP, ghrelin and sitting cardiac sympathovagal balance were log transformed for modeling.
  4. To convert to SI units, use the following conversion factors: glucose, 0.0555; insulin, 6.945; LDL-C and HDL-C, 0.0259; triglycerides, 0.0113; CRP, 9.524; leptin, 0.0625; ghrelin, 0.296; aldosterone, 2.774.
  5. *P<0.05 versus baseline in a linear-mixed model with time since baseline as a nominal variable and with adjustment for intervention arm.
  6. aBaseline n=285, 6 months n=184, 12 months n=158, 24 months n=136.
  7. bBaseline n=277, 6 months n=227.
  8. cBaseline n=272, 12 months n=200.
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