Table 3 Association between antihypertensive medication adherence and hospitalization for CVD and all-cause death

From: Effect of antihypertensive medication adherence on hospitalization for cardiovascular disease and mortality in hypertensive patients

 

Outcomes

    

Hospitalization

 

All a

All-cause death

CVD b

Stroke

IHD

Models

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Unadjusted

 Adherence

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Nonadherence

1.48

1.32–1.66

1.46

1.29–1.66

1.32

1.02–1.26

1.40

1.20–1.64

1.15

0.96–1.36

Partially adjusted c

 Adherence

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Nonadherence

1.72

1.53–1.93

1.69

1.49–1.91

1.25

1.13–1.40

1.55

1.33–1.82

1.14

0.95–1.35

Adjusted d

 Adherence

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Nonadherence

1.57

1.40–1.76

1.48

1.30–1.68

1.25

1.12–1.39

1.51

1.29–1.77

1.08

0.90–1.29

  1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; CVD, cardiovascular disease; IHD, ischemic heart disease; .
  2. Adherence: MA⩾80, Nonadherence: MA<40.
  3. aIncluded both all-cause death and hospitalization for CVD.
  4. bCVD included IHD, stroke and chronic heart failure.
  5. cAdjusted for gender and age.
  6. dAdjusted for gender, age, type of health insurance, cardiovascular risk at baseline, diabetes, dyslipidemia, Charlson’s comorbidity score, any prior hospitalization and number of antihypertensive drug classes.
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