Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the studied patients

From: Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and markers of cardiovascular alterations in never-treated hypertensive patients

 

Patients without OSA

Patients with mild OSA

Patients with moderate-to-severe OSA

P-value

Subjects (n)

61

36

24

 

Men/women

39/22

36/0

22/2

<0.001

Age (years)

35±10

35±10

41±9*

0.019

Known duration of hypertension (years)

1±1

1±1

1±1

0.33

ESS points

6 (3.5–11.5)

6 (2.25–11)

6.5 (3–12)

0.83

BMI (kg m−2)

26.1±4.0

29.0±3.4#

31.2±4.4#

<0.001

Large neck circumference (%)

25

50*

67

0.001

Abdominal obesity (%)

31

53*

75

0.001

Metabolic syndrome (%)

21

44*

79

<0.001

Smokers (%)

23.0%

25.0%

25.0%

0.89

Sodium (mmol l−1)

141.3±1.9

141.5±1.6

142.3±2.1

0.095

Potassium (mmol l−1)

4.4±0.4

4.4±0.4

4.6±0.4

0.056

Fasting glucose (mmol l−1)

5.3±0.6

5.5±0.6

6.3±2.3#

0.004

Increased fasting glucose (%)

23

25

50*

0.039

Total cholesterol (mmol l−1)

4.9±1.0

5.2±0.9

5.4±1.0

0.080

LDL cholesterol (mmol l−1)

3.2±0.9

3.4±1.0

3.6±1.0

0.18

HDL cholesterol (mmol l−1)

1.5±0.4

1.3±0.4

1.2±0.3*

0.015

Decreased HDL level (%)

12

25

33*

0.049

Triglyceride (mmol l−1)

1.2±0.7

2.0±1.6#

2.3±1.8#

<0.001

Increased triglyceride level (%)

16

39*

63

<0.001

Creatinine level (μmol l−1)

85.6±10.3

82.8±10.7

79.7±10.6

0.100

eGFR (ml min−1 per 1.73 m−2)

101.6±25.7

99.8±15.6

97.8±12.9

0.77

Uric acid level (μmol l−1)

314.8±80.9

397.4±89.3

382.5±69.3#

<0.001

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration ratio; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea.
  2. Data are presented as mean±s.d. or as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise stated.
  3. Large neck circumference: ⩾41 cm female or ⩾43 cm male. Abdominal obesity—waist circumference >88 cm female or >102 cm male. Increased fasting glucose concentration: ⩾5.6 mmol l−1. Decreased HDL cholesterol concentration: <1.0 mmol l−1 male, <1.2 mmol l−1 female. Increased triglycerides concentration >1.7 mmol l−1. For diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, three of five criteria had to be met: increased blood pressure—this criterion was met for all patients, abdominal obesity, increased fasting glucose, decreased HDL cholesterol and increased triglyceride concentrations as defined above.
  4. *P<0.05; #P<0.01; P<0.001 vs. patients without OSA, respectively.
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