Figure 1 | Hypertension Research

Figure 1

From: Chronotherapy with conventional blood pressure medications improves management of hypertension and reduces cardiovascular and stroke risks

Figure 1

Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of total cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in the MAPEC (Monitorización Ambulatoria para Predicción de Eventos Cardiovasculares) study. (Top) Participants categorized into groups according to the level (normal or high) of ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM)-derived awake and asleep systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) means. (Bottom) Participants categorized into groups, both according to daytime office BP measurements (OBPM) level (normal or high) and ABPM-derived awake and asleep SBP and DBP means. OBPM-obtained SBP/DBP values were considered normal if <140/90 mm Hg and high otherwise. The awake SBP/DBP means were considered normal if <135/85 mm Hg and high otherwise. The asleep SBP/DBP means were considered normal if <120/70 mm Hg and high otherwise. Adjustments were applied for sex, age, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), sleep duration and hypertension treatment time—all medications upon awakening vs. full daily dose of ⩾1 medications at bedtime (updated from references 18, 37). A full color version of this figure is available at the Hypertension Research journal online.

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