Table 1 Characteristics of study population aged between 70 and 80 years

From: Differences in the association between high blood pressure and cognitive functioning among the general Japanese population aged 70 and 80 years: The SONIC study

Characteristics

All participants

70 years

80 years

P-value*

No. of participants

1922

957

965

 

Men (%)

47.4

47.2

46.9

0.645

SBP (mm Hg)

143.4±18.5

140.1±18.2

146.6±18.2

<0.001

DBP (mm Hg)

78.6±10.6

79.4±10.7

77.9±10.4

0.002

PP (mm Hg)

64.7±15.6

60.8±14.5

68.7±15.6

<0.001

HTN (%)

73.3

65.8

81.8

<0.001

Taking medication for HTN (%)a

46.0

38.8

52.7

<0.001

CCB (%)

30.8

24.4

37.4

<0.001

ARB (%)

17.0

15.3

18.8

<0.05

ACEI (%)

2.8

3.0

2.7

0.656

Diuretics (%)

4.5

3.0

6.1

<0.01

Diabetes mellitus (%)

16.5

18.8

16.6

0.790

Dyslipidemia (%)

60.0

64.1

60.2

0.114

Serum total cholesterol (mmol l−1)

5.35±0.90

5.50±0.92

5.21±0.86

<0.001

LDL-C (mmol l−1)

3.08±0.76

3.19±0.79

2.99±0.72

<0.001

HDL-C (mmol l−1)

1.57±0.42

1.62±0.42

1.52±0.41

<0.001

TG (mmol l−1)

1.49±0.85

1.49±0.89

1.48±0.81

0.703

BMI (kg m−2)

22.7±3.0

22.8±2.9

22.4±3.0

0.001

Serum albumin (g dl−1)

4.4±0.3

4.4±0.3

4.3±0.3

<0.001

Salt intake (g per day)

12.4±4.3

12.3±4.1

12.5±4.5

0.370

Fat intake (g per day)

55.6±22.3

54.9±20.9

56.1±23.4

0.302

MoCA-J total score (0–30)

22.6±3.7

23.5±3.2

21.8±3.8

<0.001

Smoking (%)

   

0.001

 Never

60.3

60.2

60.5

 

 Current

7.6

9.7

5.4

 

 Past

32.1

30.1

34.1

 

Alcohol consumption (%)

   

<0.001

 Never

65.8

62.4

69.2

 

 Current

30.8

32.2

29.3

 

 Current excessive

3.4

5.3

1.5

 

Frequency of going outdoors (%)

   

<0.001

 Once a day

38.1

45.0

31.0

 

 Five or six times per week

19.2

20.7

17.7

 

 Three or four times per week

20.8

17.7

24.0

 

 At least once a week

14.8

11.3

18.5

 

 Seldom (housebound)

7.0

5.3

8.7

 
  1. Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CCB, calcium channel blocker; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HTN, hypertension; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MoCA-J, Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides..
  2. *P-values are between ages of 70 and 80 years.
  3. aCCB, ARB, ACEI, diuretics, β-blocker, renin inhibitor, aldosterone antagonist, and compounding agent. A total of 1973 participants answered the questionnaire and underwent the examinations, and they were analyzed after excluding those with missing data.
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