Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients

From: Malnutrition, renal dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy synergistically increase the long-term incidence of cardiovascular events

 

Total

CV events (+)

CV events (−)

P-value

Number

161

15

146

—

Age (year)

63.5±9.2

68.4±6.4

63.0±9.3

0.036

Gender, male

82 (51%)

10 (67%)

72 (49%)

0.202

Body mass index (kg m−2)

23.9±3.6

22.3±2.8

24.1±3.6

0.073

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

130.8±20.1

138.0±28.7

130.1±19.1

0.144

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

76.7±12.0

77.6±13.3

76.6±11.9

0.775

Heart rate (beat per minute)

69.1±10.8

67.1±10.4

69.3±10.8

0.504

eGFR (ml min−1 per 1.73 m2)

72.9±18.7

56.4±20.2

74.6±17.7

0.002

Proteinuria (yes=1, no=0)

15 (9%)

4 (27%)

11 (8%)

0.016

Hemoglobin (g dl−1)

13.4±1.6

12.9±2.3

13.4±1.5

0.300

Serum albumin (g dl−1)

4.0±0.3

3.7±0.4

4.0±0.3

0.006

GNRI

100.4±6.0

95.1±8.2

100.9±5.5

0.004

Hypertension

109 (68%)

13 (87%)

96 (66%)

0.100

Diabetes

39 (24%)

4 (27%)

35 (24%)

0.817

Dyslipidemia

72 (45%)

9 (60%)

63 (43%)

0.213

Antihypertensive agents

 Angiotensin II receptor blockers

66 (41%)

10 (67%)

56 (38%)

0.034

 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

18 (11%)

4 (27%)

14 (10%)

0.046

 Calcium channel blockers

69 (43%)

7 (47%)

62 (42%)

0.755

 β-Blockers

44 (27%)

6 (40%)

38 (26%)

0.249

 Diuretics

24 (15%)

8 (53%)

16 (11%)

<0.001

 Statins

60 (37%)

9 (60%)

51 (35%)

0.057

Echocardiographic parameters

 LV end-diastolic diameter (mm)

47.9±5.0

49.3±6.8

47.7±4.8

0.482

 LV end-systolic diameter (mm)

29.3±5.5

30.5±7.2

29.2±5.3

0.900

 Interventricular septum thickness (mm)

9.8±1.9

11.5±2.8

9.6±1.7

0.005

 Posterior wall thickness (mm)

9.0±1.4

9.9±1.7

8.9±1.3

0.027

 LAD (mm)

38.0±5.5

41.3±5.6

37.7±5.4

0.001

 LV ejection fraction (%)

71.1±7.3

69.5±9.6

71.2±7.0

0.516

 E/e′

6.5±3.2

8.5±5.3

6.3±2.9

0.206

 e′ (cm s−1)

10.4±5.0

8.4±4.4

10.6±5.0

0.039

 LVMI (g m−2)

113.9±32.6

147.4±43.7

110.5±29.3

0.001

  1. Variables are presented as mean±s.d., or number (percentage).
  2. Abbreviations: CV, cardiovascular; e′, early diastolic mitral annulus motion; E, early mitral inflow; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; LAD, left atrial diameter; LV, left ventricular; LVMI, left ventricular mass index.
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