Table 1 Gender differences in hypertension in Germany 1998 and 2008–2011 (weighted to the population 2010)
From: The persisting gender gap in hypertension management and control in Germany: 1998 and 2008–2011
Men | Women | Gender difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage | 95% CI | Percentage | 95% CI | Absolute percentage points | P-value | |
Hypertension (percentage of population) | ||||||
1998 | 29.8 | (27.6–32.2) | 29.7 | (27.8–31.7) | 0.1 | 0.916 |
18–54 years | 15.4 | (13.5–17.5) | 12.4 | (10.9–14.1) | 3.0 | 0.013 |
55–79 years | 58.3 | (54.3–62.1) | 59.8 | (56.1–63.3) | 1.5 | 0.528 |
2008–2011 | 33.4 | (31.2–35.6) | 30.0 | (28.1–32.0) | 3.4 | 0.021 |
18–54 years | 19.5 | (17.2–22.0) | 11.6 | (10.1–13.4) | 7.9 | 0.000 |
55–79 years | 60.6 | (57.3–63.9) | 61.5 | (58.2–64.8) | 0.9 | 0.696 |
BP>=140/90 mm Hg (percentage of population) | ||||||
1998 | 23.8 | (21.8–25.8) | 22.2 | (20.2–24.3) | 1.6 | 0.137 |
18–54 years | 13.2 | (11.4–15.1) | 9.3 | (8.0–10.9) | 3.9 | 0.000 |
55–79 years | 44.6 | (40.9–48.3) | 44.6 | (40.7–48.6) | 0.0 | 0.998 |
2008–2011 | 18.1 | (16.2–20.2) | 12.7 | (11.3–14.3) | 5.4 | 0.000 |
18–54 years | 14.1 | (11.9–16.7) | 5.4 | (4.4–6.6) | 8.7 | 0.000 |
55–79 years | 26.0 | (23.0–29.3) | 25.2 | (22.3–28.3) | 0.8 | 0.687 |
Awareness (percentage of those with hypertension) | ||||||
1998 | 65.0 | (61.8–68.2) | 73.8 | (70.8–76.6) | 8.8 | 0.000 |
18–54 years | 56.1 | (50.6–61.4) | 69.6 | (64.2–74.6) | 13.5 | 0.000 |
55–79 years | 69.7 | (65.3–73.8) | 75.3 | (71.5–78.9) | 5.6 | 0.052 |
2008–2011 | 78.3 | (75.1–81.2) | 86.8 | (84.0–89.2) | 8.5 | 0.000 |
18–54 years | 65.8 | (59.9–71.2) | 78.2 | (71.9–83.5) | 12.4 | 0.003 |
55–79 years | 86.2 | (82.9–88.8) | 89.6 | (86.7–91.9) | 3.4 | 0.100 |
Treatment (percentage of those with hypertension) | ||||||
1998 | 47.5 | (43.7–51.3) | 62.0 | (58.1–65.7) | 14.5 | 0.000 |
18–54 years | 29.9 | (24.8–35.4) | 50.8 | (43.9–57.7) | 20.9 | 0.000 |
55–79 years | 56.5 | (51.5–61.4) | 66.0 | (61.6–70.1) | 9.5 | 0.005 |
2008–2011 | 65.3 | (61.1–69.2) | 79.2 | (76.0–82.1) | 13.9 | 0.000 |
18–54 years | 42.8 | (36.2–49.6) | 62.9 | (55.9–69.5) | 20.1 | 0.000 |
55–79 years | 79.5 | (75.9–82.7) | 84.5 | (81.5–87.1) | 5.0 | 0.034 |
Control (percentage of those with hypertension) | ||||||
1998 | 20.3 | (17.5–23.5) | 25.1 | (21.3–29.3) | 4.8 | 0.022 |
18–54 years | 14.3 | (10.6–19.0) | 24.6 | (18.8–31.6) | 10.3 | 0.004 |
55–79 years | 23.4 | (19.7–27.7) | 25.2 | (21.0–30.0) | 1.8 | 0.480 |
2008–2011 | 45.4 | (41.4–49.6) | 57.5 | (53.3–61.5) | 12.1 | 0.000 |
18–54 years | 27.3 | (21.8–33.7) | 53.2 | (46.3–60.1) | 25.9 | 0.000 |
55–79 years | 56.9 | (52.4–61.3) | 58.8 | (54.5–63.0) | 1.9 | 0.511 |
Control among treated hypertensives | ||||||
1998 | 43.0 | (37.5–48.7) | 40.6 | (35.4–45.9) | 2.4 | 0.472 |
18–54 years | 47.9 | (37.1–58.9) | 48.4 | (38.9–58.1) | 0.5 | 0.937 |
55–79 years | 41.6 | (35.4–48.0) | 38.4 | (32.8–44.3) | 3.2 | 0.401 |
2008–2011 | 69.8 | (65.6–73.7) | 73.0 | (69.2–76.6) | 3.2 | 0.217 |
18–54 years | 63.9 | (53.8–73.0) | 84.8 | (77.5–90.0) | 20.9 | 0.000 |
55–79 years | 71.8 | (67.4–75.8) | 70.2 | (65.8–74.2) | 1.6 | 0.575 |
Treatment among aware | ||||||
1998 | 73.0 | (67.9–77.5) | 84.0 | (80.5–87.0) | 11.0 | 0.000 |
18–54 years | 53.2 | (44.2–62.1) | 73.0 | (64.6–80.0) | 19.8 | 0.001 |
55–79 years | 81.1 | (76.0–85.3) | 87.6 | (84.0–90.5) | 6.5 | 0.020 |
2008–2011 | 83.9 | (80.3–86.9) | 91.5 | (89.1–93.4) | 7.6 | 0.000 |
18–54 years | 65.9 | (57.8–73.3) | 81.0 | (73.3–86.9) | 15.1 | 0.003 |
55–79 years | 92.5 | (89.9–94.4) | 94.5 | (92.2–96.1) | 2.0 | 0.186 |
Visit to the doctor during the last year (percentage of those with hypertension) | ||||||
1998 | 88.5 | (86.0–90.6) | 96.0 | (94.3–97.2) | 7.5 | 0.000 |
18–54 years | 81.9 | (76.8–86.0) | 94.1 | (89.8–96.7) | 12.2 | 0.000 |
55–79 years | 91.8 | (88.8–94.1) | 96.7 | (94.7–97.9) | 4.9 | 0.001 |
2008–2011 | 90.5 | (87.9–92.7) | 95.2 | (93.3–96.6) | 4.7 | 0.002 |
18–54 years | 88.2 | (84.0–91.4) | 94.4 | (90.0–96.9) | 6.2 | 0.021 |
55–79 years | 92.0 | (88.4–94.6) | 95.5 | (93.3–97.0) | 3.5 | 0.052 |
