Table 4 The associations of alcohol consumption and proteinuria in women stratified by smoking

From: The association of alcohol and smoking with CKD in a Japanese nationwide cross-sectional survey

 

Nonsmokers

Smokers

 

Univariate model

Multivariate model a

Univariate model

Multivariate model a

 

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Drinking rarely (n (%))

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 occasionally

0.76 (0.60–0.96)

0.022

0.75 (0.59–0.96)

0.021

0.65 (0.26–1.60)

0.343

0.49 (0.15–1.56)

0.226

 ≦19 g/day

0.95 (0.90–1.00)

0.055

1.00 (0.95–1.06)

0.882

0.96 (0.77–1.20)

0.722

0.91 (0.71–1.16)

0.443

 20–39 g/day

0.92 (0.81–1.04)

0.184

1.02 (0.89–1.17)

0.756

0.95 (0.72–1.26)

0.737

0.85 (0.62–1.17)

0.314

 40–59 g/day

1.00 (0.78–1.29)

0.97

1.06 (0.81–1.39)

0.673

0.99 (0.68–1.44)

0.95

0.71 (0.46–1.11)

0.132

 ≧60 g/day

1.26 (0.84–1.88)

0.269

1.14 (0.74–1.76)

0.541

1.14 (0.72–1.80)

0.585

0.81 (0.47–1.38)

0.431

Age ( × 10 years)

1.16 (1.12–1.20)

<0.001

0.97 (0.93–1.01)

0.11

1.18 (1.07–1.30)

0.001

0.87 (0.77–0.98)

0.025

BMI ( × 10 kg/m2)

2.79 (2.61–2.97)

<0.001

1.58 (1.46–1.71)

<0.001

1.88 (1.50–2.37)

<0.001

1.00 (0.75–1.35)

0.973

Systolic BP (mmHg)

1.02 (1.02–1.02)

<0.001

1.01 (1.01–1.02)

<0.001

1.02 (1.02–1.03)

<0.001

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

<0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

1.03 (1.02–1.03)

<0.001

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

0.001

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

<0.001

0.99 (0.97–1.00)

0.032

Triglyceride (Log10 mg/dl)

2.90 (2.57–3.26)

<0.001

1.00 (0.85–1.17)

0.981

3.80 (2.62–5.51)

<0.001

1.61 (0.98–2.65)

0.063

HDL-C ( × 10 mg/dl)

0.88 (0.86–0.89)

<0.001

0.97 (0.95–0.99)

0.013

0.95 (0.90–1.01)

0.101

1.07 (1.00–1.14)

0.069

Hemoglobin A1c (%)

1.58 (1.54–1.62)

<0.001

1.44 (1.40–1.49)

<0.001

1.51 (1.39–1.63)

<0.001

1.43 (1.30–1.57)

<0.001

Uric acid (mg/dl)

1.43 (1.40–1.47)

<0.001

1.30 (1.27–1.33)

<0.001

1.50 (1.39–1.61)

<0.001

1.45 (1.34–1.58)

<0.001

Past history of

 Heart disease

1.53 (1.39–1.68)

<0.001

1.33 (1.20–1.48)

0.003

2.03 (1.43–2.87)

<0.001

1.75 (1.19–2.56)

0.004

 Stroke

1.57 (1.38–1.78)

<0.001

1.24 (1.08–1.42)

<0.001

1.92 (1.19–3.09)

0.008

1.50 (0.88–2.55)

0.136

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OR, odds ratio.
  2. aAdjusted for alcohol consumption, age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, triglyceride level, HDL cholesterol level, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, past history of heart disease and stroke.
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