Table 5 The associations of alcohol consumption and eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in men stratified by smoking

From: The association of alcohol and smoking with CKD in a Japanese nationwide cross-sectional survey

 

Nonsmokers

Smokers

 

Univariate model

Multivariate model a

Univariate model

Multivariate model a

 

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Drinking rarely (n (%))

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 occasionally

0.81 (0.69–0.96)

0.012

0.71 (0.59–0.85)

<0.001

0.63 (0.41–0.98)

0.038

0.58 (0.36–0.96)

0.033

 ≦19 g/day

0.94 (0.90–0.99)

0.014

0.90 (0.85–0.95)

<0.001

0.93 (0.83–1.03)

0.145

0.80 (0.71–0.90)

<0.001

 20–39 g/day

0.70 (0.66–0.73)

<0.001

0.62 (0.58–0.65)

<0.001

0.76 (0.68–0.84)

<0.001

0.61 (0.54–0.69)

<0.001

 40–59 g/day

0.56 (0.52–0.60)

<0.001

0.54 (0.49–0.58)

<0.001

0.51 (0.45–0.59)

<0.001

0.45 (0.39–0.53)

<0.001

 ≧60 g/day

0.51 (0.45–0.58)

<0.001

0.57 (0.49–0.65)

<0.001

0.38 (0.30–0.47)

<0.001

0.39 (0.31–0.50)

<0.001

Age ( × 10 years)

2.06 (2.01–2.12)

<0.001

2.26 (2.19–2.34)

<0.001

2.51 (2.38–2.64)

<0.001

2.76 (2.59–2.94)

<0.001

BMI ( × 10 kg/m2)

1.72 (1.63–1.82)

<0.001

1.32 (1.23–1.41)

<0.001

1.64 (1.47–1.82)

<0.001

1.55 (1.35–1.78)

<0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg)

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

<0.001

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

<0.001

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

<0.001

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.247

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

<0.001

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

<0.001

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.011

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

0.002

Triglyceride (Log10 mg/dl)

1.94 (1.80–2.08)

<0.001

1.20 (1.08–1.32)

<0.001

1.72 (1.50–1.98)

<0.001

1.41 (1.16–1.72)

<0.001

HDL-C ( × 10 mg/dl)

0.87 (0.86–0.88)

<0.001

0.96 (0.95–0.97)

<0.001

0.88 (0.86–0.90)

<0.001

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.489

Hemoglobin A1c (%)

1.03 (1.01–1.05)

0.005

1.00 (0.97–1.02)

0.831

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

0.003

1.02 (0.97–1.07)

0.524

Uric acid (mg/dl)

1.56 (1.54–1.59)

<0.001

1.66 (1.63–1.68)

<0.001

1.50 (1.46–1.54)

<0.001

1.62 (1.57–1.68)

<0.001

Past history of

 Heart disease

1.71 (1.63–1.80)

<0.001

1.39 (1.31–1.47)

<0.001

2.28 (2.02–2.57)

<0.001

1.64 (1.42–1.88)

<0.001

 Stroke

1.74 (1.63–1.85)

<0.001

1.35 (1.26–1.45)

<0.001

2.15 (1.85–2.50)

<0.001

1.39 (1.17–1.65)

<0.001

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OR, odds ratio.
  2. aAdjusted for alcohol consumption, age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, triglyceride level, HDL cholesterol level, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, past history of heart disease and stroke.
Back to article page