Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

From: Are there socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors in childhood, and are they mediated by adiposity? Findings from a prospective cohort study

Parental socioeconomic characteristics a

   

N (%)

 

Maternal education

Less than O-level

 

1577 (22.4)

 
 

O-level

 

2476 (35.2)

 
 

A-level

 

1875 (26.6)

 
 

Degree or above

 

1117 (15.9)

 

Offspring adiposity

 

Boys

Girls

 

N

Mean (95% CI)

N

Mean (95% CI)

Total fat mass (kg)b

3617

6128.88 (6009.95–6250.17)

3716

8558.06 (8418.56–8699.87)

Offspring levels of cardiovascular risk factor

 

Boys

Girls

 

N

Mean (95% CI)

N

Mean (95% CI)

Cholesterol (mmol l–1)

2575

4.20 (4.18–4.23)

2511

4.34 (4.31–4.37)

Triglycerides (mmol l–1)

2575

1.11 (1.09–1.13)

2511

1.17 (1.15–1.19)

High-density lipoprotein (mmol l–1)

2575

1.44 (1.42–1.45)

2511

1.37 (1.35–1.38)

Apolipoprotein A1 (mg per 100 ml)

2575

138.40 (137.61–139.18)

2511

133.70 (132.93–134.47)

Apolipoprotein B (mg per 100 ml)

2573

57.00 (56.50–57.47)

2511

61.49 (60.96–62.02)

Adiponectin (mg ml–1)

2575

12.74 (12.53–12.94)

2510

13.53 (13.31–13.75)

C-reactive protein (mg l–1)b

2575

0.22 (0.21–0.23)

2511

0.34 (0.33–0.36)

Leptin (ng ml–1)b

2575

4.77 (4.64–4.92)

2509

7.58 (7.36–7.80)

Interleukin-6 (pg ml–1)b

2567

0.77 (0.74–0.79)

2509

0.96 (0.93–0.99)

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

3750

102.52 (102.23–102.81)

3857

103.09 (102.78–103.39)

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

3750

57.19 (56.98–57.39)

3860

57.75 (57.55–57.95)

Pubertal stage assessed by Tanner questionnaires

 

Boys

 

Girls

 
 

Prevalence, n/N (%)

 

Prevalence, n/N (%)

 

I

1300/3223 (40.3)

 

2458/3555 (69.1)

 

II

998/3223 (31.0)

 

798/3555 (22.5)

 

III

704/3223 (21.8)

 

242/3555 (6.8)

 

IV

215/3223 (6.7)

 

56/3555 (1.6)

 

V

6/3223 (0.2)

 

1/3555 (0.03)

 
  1. Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
  2. a Distributions do not differ by gender and are presented for male and female offspring combined.
  3. b Geometric means.
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