Table 2 Characteristics of 1018 mother–child pairs studied, according to the DQI across early childhood
From: Diet quality across early childhood and adiposity at 6 years: the Southampton Women’s Survey
DQI across early childhood | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DQI: 0 (n=107) | DQI: 1–3 (n=339) | DQI: 4–6 (n=378) | DQI: 7–8 (n=194) | P-value | |
Mother | |||||
Age at child’s birth (years) | 29.8 (4.3) | 30.0 (3.9) | 30.3 (3.7) | 31.5 (3.2) | <0.001 |
Height (cm) | 163.1 (5.6) | 163.3 (6.5) | 163.7 (6.6) | 164.5 (6.6) | 0.08 |
Prepregnancy BMI (kg m−2) | 24.4 (22.2–28.7) | 25.0 (22.8–27.7) | 24.1 (22.2–27.0) | 23.8 (21.6–26.7) | 0.003 |
Degree qualification or above (%) | 4 (3.7) | 37 (11.0) | 102 (27.1) | 95 (49.2) | <0.001 |
Smoked in pregnancy (%) | 33 (30.8) | 66 (19.5) | 35 (9.3) | 7 (3.6) | <0.001 |
Serum 25(OH) D concentration (nmol l−1)a | 58.2 (39.0–81.0) | 57.0 (39.0–81.9) | 65.0 (42.0–92.0) | 65.0 (47.4–91.0) | <0.001 |
Plasma n-6 PUFA concentration (μg ml−1)a | 528 (405–623) | 486 (408–616) | 525 (408–627) | 486 (368–600) | 0.81 |
Gestational weight gain, n (%) | 0.13 | ||||
Inadequate | 23 (23.2) | 66 (20.8) | 66 (19.1) | 51 (27.7) | |
Adequate | 24 (24.2) | 92 (29.0) | 109 (31.5) | 62 (33.7) | |
Excessive | 52 (52.5) | 159 (50.2) | 171 (49.4) | 71 (38.6) | |
Child | |||||
Sex, boys (%) | 59 (55.1) | 173 (51.0) | 195 (51.6) | 102 (52.6) | 0.86 |
Height at 6 years (cm) | 118.5 (4.8) | 119.0 (5.7) | 119.6 (5.0) | 119.4 (4.8) | 0.13 |
Weight at 6 years (kg) | 22.0 (19.9–24.5) | 22.5 (20.4–25.1) | 22.6 (20.6–25.1) | 22.1 (20.7–23.7) | 0.43 |
Birthweight (g) | 3406 (464) | 3523 (504) | 3554 (451) | 3510 (470) | 0.10 |
Average time moving at 4 years (h per day) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 2.0 (1.5–4.0) | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | <0.001 |
Time spending TV at 4 years (h per day) | 2.5 (1.5–3.5) | 2.5 (1.5–2.5) | 1.5 (1.5–2.5) | 1.5 (1.5–2.5) | <0.001 |
Time sleeping per night at 4 years (h per day) | 11.3 (11.0–12.0) | 11.5 (11.0–11.5) | 11.5 (11.0–12.0) | 11.5 (11.0–11.5) | 0.16 |
Average time napping at 4 years (h per day) | 1.0 (0.0–1.5) | 0.5 (0.0–1.0) | 0.5 (0.0–0.5) | 0.5 (0.0–0.8) | 0.21 |
Duration of breastfeeding⩾4 months (%) | 10 (9.4) | 118 (35.3) | 182 (48.9) | 127 (67.6) | <0.001 |
