Table 2 Study designs of clinical trials
From: Systematic review of mini-implant displacement under orthodontic loading
Studies | Study design | Type of study | Sample size calculation | Measuring method | Method error | Special analysis | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical | |||||||
Liou et al. 2004 | CT | Retrospective | No | Superimposition; cephalogramms | Yes | — | Adequate |
El-Beialy et al. 2009 | CT | Prospective | No | Superimposition; dental CT | No | Measured twice after 2 weeks | Adequate |
Liu et al. 2011 | CT | Retrospective | No | Superimposition; dental CT | Yes | Point registration three times; measured twice; mean | Adequate |
Alves et al. 2011 | CT | Prospective | No | Superimposition; CBCT | No | Measured twice; mean | Adequate |
Wang et al. 2006 | CT | Retrospective | No | Superimposition; cephalogramms | Yes | — | Adequate |
Hedayati et al. 2007 | RCT | Prospective | No | Superimposition; cephalogramms | No | Measured twice; mean | Adequate |
Calderon et al. 2011 | CT | Prospective | No | Superimposition; occlusal X-ray | No | Cone beam CT for calibration | Inadequate |
Lifshits et al. 2010 | CT | Prospective | No | Superimposition; cephalogramms | Yes | — | Adequate |
Kinzinger et al. 2008 | CT | Retrospective | No | Superimposition; cephalogramms | No | Measured twice; mean | Adequate |
Animal | |||||||
Mortensen et al. 2009 | CT | Prospective | No | Clinical measurement with digital calliper | No | Repeated measurements | Adequate |
Ohmae et al. 2001 | CT | Prospective | No | Superimposition of dental radiographs | No | — | Descriptive |
