Table 1 The role of SET domain-containing KMTs during osteogenesis and adipogenesis (shaded) of MSCs

From: Histone methyltransferases and demethylases: regulators in balancing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

KMTs

Specificity

Target

Finding

Reference

SETDB1

H3K9

RUNX2 target genes

SETDB1 inhibits osteogenesis by reducing transcriptional activity of RUNX2

32,33

  

PPAR-γ target genes

SETDB1 inhibits adipogenesis by transcriptional activity of PPAR-γ

35

EZH2

H3K27

RUNX2, TCF7, OC

EZH2 inhibits osteogenesis by catalyzing tri-methylation of H3K27 in the promoters of RUNX2, TCF7, and OC

42,43

  

Wnt genes, MITR

EZH2 promotes adipogenesis by catalyzing tri-methylation of H3K27 in the promoters of Wnt genes and MITR

45,46

SETD8

H4K20

PPAR-γ and PPAR-γ target genes

SETD8 promotes adipogenesis by catalyzing mono-methylation of H4K20 in the promoters of PPAR-γ and PPAR-γ target genes

50,51

MLL1

H3K4

Not known

Mice with SET domain mutated MLL1 exhibit skeletal defects

52,53

MLL3, MLL4

H3K4

PPAR-γ, aP2

MLL3 and MLL4 promote adipogenesis by catalyzing methylation of H3K4 in the promoters of PPAR-γ and aP2

54,57

  1. aP2, adipocyte protein 2; EZH, Enhancer of zeste homologue; KMT, histone lysine methyltransferase; MLL, myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukaemia; MITR, myocyte enhancer factor-2 interacting transcriptional repressor; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; OC, osteocalcin; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2; SET, Su(var)3–9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax; SETD8, SET domain-containing 8; STDB1, SET domain bifurcated 1; TCF, transcription factor.
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