Figure 4

CFUs of 2-day biofilms on composites after water-ageing for 12 months. (a) Total microorganisms; (b) total streptococci; (c) mutans streptococci. Combining QADM and NAg together in NACP composite achieved a stronger antibacterial activity than using QADM or NAg alone. Water-ageing for 12 months did not reduce the antibacterial potency of composite containing QADM and NAg (P>0.1). Each value represents the mean±standard deviation; n=6. Values with dissimilar letters are significantly different from each other (P<0.05). CFU, colony-forming unit; NACP, nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate; NAg, nanoparticles of silver; QADM, quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate.