Figure 1 | International Journal of Oral Science

Figure 1

From: The oral commensal Streptococcus mitis activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in human oral epithelial cells

Figure 1

S. mitis activates AhR in oral epithelial cells. (a) Nuclear translocation of AhR was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy of human primary oral keratinocytes, cultivated and exposed to live S. mitis for 20 min (right) or left untreated (left). Cells were stained for AhR (upper row; green) and DAPI (middle row; red). Merged pictures in the lower row. (b) Fold changes in the transcription of CYP1A1, the hallmark gene of AhR activation, determined by real-time RT-PCR in human primary oral keratinocytes exposed to live S. mitis (left), S. gordonii (middle) and S. mutans (right) for 90 min, with or without the AhR-specific inhibitor CH-223191 (n=3 or 4). Brackets marked with asterisks indicate statistically significance (ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Holm–Sidak adjustment for multiple comparisons; P<0.05). ANOVA, analysis of variance.

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