Figure 1

Time course of ferrous iron (a–c), total extractable iron (d–f) and acetate (g–i) during the anoxic incubations of non-fertilized (NF) and N-fertilized (N) paddy soil slurries in the ferrihydrite (FER; left panels a, d, g), goethite (GOE; middle panels b, e, h) and control (no ferric iron oxyhydroxide amended, CTR; right panels c, f, i) treatments. The arrows in g–i indicate that 13C-acetate was replenished to soil microcosms after days 1.5 and 3. The error bars represent the standard deviations of three replications.