Table 2 Comparison of diversification indices (I_x) across independent experimental evolution studies

Organism	Trait	Treatment	Generations	I _x	Reference
M. xanthus	Maximum growth rate	Growth in batch culture	1000	0.23	Velicer et al., 1998
	Swarming rate	A+S+ on hard agar	⩾328	1.70	This study
		A−S+ on hard agar	⩾261	0.35
		A+S− on hard agar	⩾260	0.58
		A+S+ on soft agar	⩾341	1.64
		A−S+ on soft agar	⩾237	2.72
		A+S− on soft agar	⩾221	1.60
P. aeruginosa	Swarm area relative to ancestor	Hard (1.2%) agar, selection for high fitness at swarm edge		0.17	Taylor and Buckling, 2011
		Hard (1.2%) agar, spatially random selection across swarm area		0.32
		Soft (0.3%) agar, selection for high fitness at swarm edge		0.15
		Soft (0.3%) agar, spatially random selection across swarm area		0.55
E. coli	Relative fitness	Growth in batch culture	2000	0.05	Vasi et al., 1994
	Lag period prior to growth		2000	0.29
	Maximum growth rate		2000	0.06
	Death rate		2000	0.57
	Yield		2000	0.15
	Death rate after long starvation		2000	0.34
	Cell size—stationary phase		2000	0.21
	Cell size—exponential phase		2000	0.19
Digital organisms	Fitness	Simple environment	4000	0.19 (max)	Zhang and Travisano, 2006
			40000	0.05 (stable)

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